Russell B M, Muir L E, Weinstein P, Kay B H
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia.
Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Apr;10(2):155-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00722.x.
A survey of the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti was undertaken using funnel traps to detect immature stages (larvae and pupae) in flooded disused mine shafts and wells in Charters Towers, Queensland, Northern Australia. The town has a history of dengue fever since 1885 when goldminers were the first recorded victims. During the latest dengue epidemic in 1993, 2% of the population had laboratory-confirmed dengue virus Type 2, despite source reduction of Ae.aegypti breeding-sites at ground level or above. This led to suspicions that dengue vector Ae.aegypti breeding-sites might be below ground level. When surveyed in March 1994, Ae.aegypti immatures were found in 9/10 wells and 1/6 mine shafts. The water in wells and mines had similar characteristics-except that turbidity was higher in the mines, which more often contained predators of mosquito immatures. The copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis was collected from water in 1/10 wells and 2/6 mine shafts. Laboratory predation trials resulted in 95.5-100% predation by 25 copepods/l on Ae.aegypti first-instar larvae up to 200 larvae/l. Five wells containing Ae.aegypti in the survey were inoculated with fifty indigenous M.aspericornis, and five wells (one positive and four negative in the survey) were left untreated as controls. Nine months later, in December 1994, Ae.aegypti had been eliminated from all five treated wells but all untreated control wells contained Ae.aegypti, except for one well that contained a natural population of M.aspericornis. The role of wells and mines as winter/ dry season refuges of Ae.aegypti in northern Australia is reviewed, and we recommend the use of M.aspericornis as a cost-effective, environmentally acceptable and persistent agent for the sustainable control of Ae.aegypti, especially in inaccessible breeding sites.
在澳大利亚北部昆士兰州查特斯堡的废弃矿井和水井中，使用漏斗陷阱对登革热媒介蚊虫埃及伊蚊进行了调查，以检测其未成熟阶段（幼虫和蛹）。自1885年有记录的首批金矿工人成为登革热热患者以来，该镇就有登革热病史。在1993年最近一次登革热流行期间，尽管埃及伊蚊在地面及以上的繁殖地已减少，但仍有2%的人口经实验室确诊感染了2型登革热病毒。这引发了人们的怀疑，即埃及伊蚊的繁殖地可能在地面以下。1994年3月进行调查时，在10口井中的9口以及6个矿井中的1个发现了埃及伊蚊的未成熟个体。井和矿井中的水具有相似的特征，只是矿井中的浊度更高，且矿井中更常含有蚊虫未成熟个体的捕食者。从10口井中的1口以及6个矿井中的2个采集到了桡足类的粗糙中剑水蚤。实验室捕食试验表明，每升水中25只桡足类对每升多达200只的埃及伊蚊一龄幼虫的捕食率为95.5% - 100%。在调查中，对含有埃及伊蚊的5口井接种了50只本地粗糙中剑水蚤，另外5口井（调查中1口呈阳性，4口呈阴性）未作处理作为对照。9个月后的1994年12月，所有5口经过处理的井中已没有埃及伊蚊，但所有未处理的对照井中都有埃及伊蚊，只有1口井中有天然的粗糙中剑水蚤种群。本文对澳大利亚北部的井和矿井作为埃及伊蚊冬季/旱季避难所的作用进行了综述，并建议使用粗糙中剑水蚤作为一种经济高效、环境可接受且持久的媒介，以可持续地控制埃及伊蚊，特别是在难以到达的繁殖地。
