Law M R, Hackshaw A K
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, UK.
Br Med Bull. 1996 Jan;52(1):22-34. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011528.
Environmental tobacco smoke is an important contaminant of indoor air. For a non-smoker living with a smoker the exposure is equivalent to about 1% of that from actively smoking 20 cigarettes a day (based on plasma cotinine). There is strong and consistent evidence that passive smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. It is estimated that there is an increase in risk of 24% (95% confidence interval 11-38%) compared to unexposed non-smokers, and several hundred lung cancer deaths per year in Britain are attributable to environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Passive smoking is associated with an increase in risk of chronic respiratory disease in adults of 25% (10-43%), and increases the risk of acute respiratory illness in children, by 50-100%. It is likely that passive smoking increases the risk of ischaemic heart disease, and that exposure in pregnancy lowers birthweight, but there is inconsistency between different estimates of the magnitude of risk. The overall hazard is sufficient to justify measures to restrict smoking in public places and workplaces, and to discourage people from smoking in their homes.
环境烟草烟雾是室内空气的重要污染物。对于与吸烟者共同生活的非吸烟者而言，其接触量相当于每天主动吸食20支香烟所产生接触量的约1%（基于血浆可替宁）。有确凿且一致的证据表明，被动吸烟会增加患肺癌的风险。据估计，与未接触烟草烟雾的非吸烟者相比，风险增加了24%（95%置信区间为11%-38%），在英国，每年有数百例肺癌死亡可归因于环境烟草烟雾暴露。被动吸烟会使成年人患慢性呼吸道疾病的风险增加25%（10%-43%），并使儿童患急性呼吸道疾病的风险增加50%-100%。被动吸烟很可能会增加患缺血性心脏病的风险，孕期接触环境烟草烟雾会降低出生体重，但不同研究对风险程度的估计存在不一致之处。总体危害足以证明有必要采取措施限制在公共场所和工作场所吸烟，并劝阻人们不要在自己家中吸烟。
