Waller R E, Froggatt P
Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health, UK.
Br Med Bull. 1996 Jan;52(1):193-205. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011526.
For more than 20 years there has been a coherent programme of product modification in the UK, involving the introduction of low tar brands of cigarettes and the gradual reduction in average tar yields over the whole range of manufactured cigarettes. The sales-weighted average tar yield has declined from 20.8 mg/cigarette in 1972 to 11.0 mg/cigarette in 1993. To some extent potential benefits to established smokers have been offset by their tendency to 'compensate' for reduced nicotine yields. Investigating such aspects has formed one part of a wide-ranging research programme to monitor effects of modified products on health. Collectively the studies show benefits in terms of smoke intake and health outcome related to reduced tar cigarettes, but the success achieved in reducing average tar yields and narrowing the range has limited opportunities to detect differential effects.
20多年来，英国一直有一个连贯的产品改良计划，包括推出低焦油品牌香烟以及逐步降低所有制造香烟的平均焦油含量。销售加权平均焦油含量已从1972年的每支香烟20.8毫克降至1993年的每支香烟11.0毫克。在一定程度上，现有吸烟者的潜在益处被他们“补偿”尼古丁含量降低的倾向所抵消。对这些方面的调查构成了一项广泛研究计划的一部分，该计划旨在监测改良产品对健康的影响。总体而言，这些研究表明，就烟雾摄入量和与低焦油香烟相关的健康结果而言存在益处，但在降低平均焦油含量和缩小范围方面取得的成功限制了发现差异效应的机会。
