Lyall I, Holland A J, Collins S
Lifespan Health Care Trust, Services for Adults with Learning Disabilities, Cambridge, England.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 1995 Dec;39 ( Pt 6):501-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00570.x.
The aims of this study were: (I) to identify all adults with learning disabilities living in residential homes or attending day services in the Cambridge Health District in contact with the criminal justice system during 1992; (2) to evaluate the responses of services involved; and (3) to investigate the attitudes of staff and the policies of the services to 'offending behaviour'. Details of offences committed and the response of the police, health and social services, and other agencies were obtained by direct interview with the senior staff and through examination of case records. The attitudes of staff to offending behaviour was investigated by the use of a semi-structured questionnaire. Seven (2%) out of 358 adults with learning disabilities were reported to have had contact with the police during 1992. The eight offences allegedly committed by the seven people were two acquisitive offences, two sexual offences, one assault, one wasting of police time, one offence against the Public Order Act and one traffic offence. One offender was cautioned after the Crown Prosecution Service discontinued the case because of lack of evidence, while the other alleged offenders received informal warnings. None of the seven alleged offenders were prosecuted. Three alleged offenders lived in hostel accommodation, yet hostel accommodation only accounts for 7.8% of adults with learning disabilities living in the Cambridge Health District. Because of a lack of operational policies on offending behaviour, there were no existing referral structures for people who might need specialist health service support. Referrals tended to be inconsistent, with a considerable time-lag between offence and referral. Tolerance levels towards offending behaviour were extremely high in the two hostels, 20 group homes and day centres which were included in this study. Theft and criminal damage was hardly ever reported. Thirty establishments were visited during the course of this study. Of these establishments, staff in 12 said they would always report a major assault. In only three would a sexual assault or indecent exposure always be reported if it was to occur. Staff at one residential establishment said they would hesitate to report rape and the staff in another two would consider the circumstances before reporting it to the police.
（1）确定1992年期间居住在剑桥健康区养老院或参加日间服务且与刑事司法系统有接触的所有成年学习障碍者；（2）评估相关服务机构的应对措施；（3）调查工作人员对“犯罪行为”的态度以及服务机构的政策。通过直接采访高级工作人员并查阅病例记录，获取了所犯罪行的详细信息以及警方、卫生和社会服务机构及其他机构的应对情况。通过使用半结构化问卷来调查工作人员对犯罪行为的态度。在358名成年学习障碍者中，有7人（2%）据报告在1992年与警方有过接触。这7人据称犯下的8起罪行包括两起盗窃罪、两起性犯罪、一起袭击罪、一起浪费警方时间罪、一起违反《公共秩序法》的罪行和一起交通违法行为。一名犯罪者在皇家检察署因缺乏证据而终止案件后被警告，而其他被指控的犯罪者则收到了非正式警告。这7名被指控的犯罪者均未被起诉。3名被指控的犯罪者住在招待所，然而招待所仅占居住在剑桥健康区成年学习障碍者的7.8%。由于缺乏关于犯罪行为的操作政策，对于可能需要专业卫生服务支持的人，不存在现有的转诊机制。转诊往往不一致，从犯罪到转诊之间存在相当长的时间间隔。在本研究涵盖的两家招待所、20家集体之家和日间中心，对犯罪行为的容忍度极高。盗窃和刑事破坏几乎从未被报告过。在本研究过程中，走访了30家机构。在这些机构中，12家机构的工作人员表示他们总是会报告重大袭击事件。如果发生性侵犯或猥亵暴露事件，只有3家机构会总是报告。一家住宿机构的工作人员表示他们会犹豫是否报告强奸事件，另外两家机构的工作人员会在向警方报告之前考虑具体情况。
