Symonds T L, Burton A K, Tillotson K M, Main C J
Spinal Research Unit, University of Huddersfield, UK.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Dec 15;20(24):2738-45. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199512150-00016.
A 1-year prospective study in industry, assessing effects of an educational pamphlet on various psychosocial parameters and absenteeism resulting from low back trouble.
To determine the value of distributing an educational psychosocial pamphlet to reduce absenteeism resulting from back trouble. The pamphlet was designed to alter avoidance behaviors by encouraging a positive, active approach.
Attempts to control back-pain disability have failed. Fear of pain and activity seemingly leads to avoidance behaviors than contribute to chronicity and work loss. Avoidance behaviors are mediated by attitudes and beliefs; such attitudes and beliefs are a reasonable target for educational interventions designed to change "inappropriate" behaviors (e.g., extended absenteeism). Health education pamphlets are advocated widely but tested rarely.
Three factories participated in the study. Psychosocial data were collected by questionnaires; absence data were extracted from company records. A psychosocial pamphlet was distributed in one factory; the control subjects received either a nonspecific pamphlet or no intervention. The pamphlet emphasized a positive approach to low back trouble (reduction of negative beliefs and attitudes).
In the company whose employees received pamphlets, a significant reduction occurred for the number of spells with extended absence and the number of days of absence (70% and 60%, respectively) compared with extrapolated values. A concomitant positive shift in beliefs concerning the locus of pain control and the inevitable consequences of low back trouble was found.
A simple industrial intervention using a psychosocial pamphlet, which was designed to reduce avoidance behaviors by fostering positive beliefs and attitudes, successfully reduced extended absence resulting from low back trouble.
一项在企业中进行的为期1年的前瞻性研究，评估一份教育宣传册对各种心理社会参数以及因腰痛导致的旷工情况的影响。
确定发放一份关于心理社会方面的教育宣传册以减少因腰痛导致的旷工情况的价值。该宣传册旨在通过鼓励采取积极、主动的方式来改变回避行为。
控制腰痛残疾的尝试均告失败。对疼痛和活动的恐惧似乎导致了回避行为，而这种行为会导致病情慢性化和工作缺勤。回避行为是由态度和信念介导的；此类态度和信念是旨在改变“不适当”行为（如长期旷工）的教育干预的合理目标。健康教育宣传册虽被广泛提倡，但很少经过测试。
三家工厂参与了该研究。通过问卷调查收集心理社会数据；缺勤数据从公司记录中提取。在一家工厂发放了一份心理社会宣传册；对照组受试者要么收到一份非特定的宣传册，要么未接受任何干预。该宣传册强调了应对腰痛的积极方式（减少负面信念和态度）。
在员工收到宣传册的公司中，与推断值相比，长期缺勤的次数和缺勤天数显著减少（分别减少了70%和60%）。同时还发现，在关于疼痛控制的地点以及腰痛必然结果的信念方面出现了积极转变。
一项简单的企业干预措施，即使用一份心理社会宣传册，通过培养积极的信念和态度来减少回避行为，成功减少了因腰痛导致的长期缺勤情况。
