Sharp P M, Robertson D L, Hahn B H
Department of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, U.K.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1995 Jul 29;349(1327):41-7. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1995.0089.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two different Human Immunodeficiency Viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Closely related viruses (SIVs) are found in many species of non-human primates. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that cross-species transmission events have been quite frequent. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 appear to have resulted from multiple transfers of lentiviruses naturally infecting other primates; the source of HIV-2 appears to have been sooty mangabeys, whereas for HIV-1 the source may have been chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analyses also provide evidence that recombination has occurred between divergent viruses in vivo. Evolutionary trees based on various regions of the viral genome generally have consistent branching orders. However, some isolates fall into significantly different phylogenetic positions, indicating that their genomes are mosaics of sequences with different evolutionary histories. This implies that co-infection with highly divergent viral strains can occur in HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected primates; this could lead to the generation of hybrid genomes with significantly altered biological properties, and also has important implications for HIV vaccine development programmes.
获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）由两种不同的人类免疫缺陷病毒即HIV - 1和HIV - 2引起。在许多非人类灵长类物种中发现了密切相关的病毒（猴免疫缺陷病毒）。系统发育分析表明，跨物种传播事件相当频繁。HIV - 1和HIV - 2似乎都源于自然感染其他灵长类动物的慢病毒的多次转移；HIV - 2的源头似乎是黑猩猩，而HIV - 1的源头可能是黑猩猩。系统发育分析还提供了体内不同病毒之间发生重组的证据。基于病毒基因组不同区域构建的进化树通常具有一致的分支顺序。然而，一些分离株处于显著不同的系统发育位置，这表明它们的基因组是具有不同进化历史的序列镶嵌体。这意味着在感染HIV的人类和感染SIV的灵长类动物中可能发生高度不同病毒株的共同感染；这可能导致产生具有显著改变生物学特性的杂交基因组，并且对HIV疫苗开发计划也具有重要意义。
