Ward R L
Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1996 Sep;174 Suppl 1:S51-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/174.supplement_1.s51.
Immune responses following either natural or experimental rotavirus infection provide protection against subsequent rotavirus illnesses, and the mechanisms involved have been examined in humans and animals. In adult volunteers challenged with human rotaviruses, protection has been shown to correlate with serum and intestinal antibodies; however, titers of no specific antibody could be used reliably as a marker of protection, including neutralizing antibody to the challenge virus. Studies in children confirmed these general associations between antibody titers and protection, but the serotype specificity of antibody and its role in protection remained unclear. Studies in mice suggested antibody, CD8 cells, and a third, undetermined, factor as mediators of protection. Antibody appeared to be most important, both in resolution of infection and protection against subsequent infection, but its activity was not serotype specific. CD8 cells helped resolve rotavirus infection but were less important in protection against reinfection. The third factor remains to be identified.
自然感染或实验性轮状病毒感染后的免疫反应可提供针对后续轮状病毒疾病的保护，并且在人类和动物中对其中涉及的机制进行了研究。在接受人类轮状病毒攻击的成年志愿者中，已证明保护作用与血清和肠道抗体相关；然而，没有一种特异性抗体的滴度能够可靠地用作保护的标志物，包括针对攻击病毒的中和抗体。在儿童中进行的研究证实了抗体滴度与保护之间的这些一般关联，但抗体的血清型特异性及其在保护中的作用仍不清楚。在小鼠中进行的研究表明，抗体、CD8细胞以及第三个未确定的因素是保护的介导因子。抗体似乎最为重要，在感染的消退以及预防后续感染方面均如此，但其活性并非血清型特异性的。CD8细胞有助于解决轮状病毒感染，但在预防再感染方面的重要性较低。第三个因素仍有待确定。
