Activation of phospholipase D in human fibroblasts by ceramide and sphingosine: evaluation of their modulatory role in bradykinin stimulation of phospholipase D.

In the present study the modulatory action of exogenous short-chain ceramide and sphingosine on phospholipase D (PLD) activity in young and old human fibroblasts was examined. Sphingosine and also ceramide, thus far described as a negative modulator of PLD, were able to activate PLD. The stimulatory action of the exogenous lipid molecules was mimicked by cell treatment with S.aureus sphingomyelinase (SMase). Similar response was elicited by the sphingoid molecules in young and old cells. Altered levels of sphingosine and ceramide were detected in old fibroblasts confirming that a defect in sphingolipid metabolism occurs in cellular senescence. The modulatory role of sphingoid molecules on the action of bradykinin (BK) in PLD activation was then evaluated in young and old fibroblasts. C6-ceramide or SMase treatment did not affect the action of BK on PLD either in young or in old cells, whereas sphingosine further increased PLD activity stimulated by BK in young but not in old cells. In addition, preincubation with N-oleoylethanolamine, a specific inhibitor of ceramidase, did not affect BK action on PLD in young fibroblasts but significantly decreased the effect of the peptide in old fibroblasts. These results suggest that a specific alteration of BK segnalatory pathway occurs in old fibroblasts, likely involving sphingosine formation which may account for the potentiated PLD activity induced by the peptide in these cells.