Buck K J
Department of Medical Psychology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
Behav Genet. 1996 May;26(3):313-23. doi: 10.1007/BF02359387.
Recent studies implicate the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in many neurochemical actions of ethanol and a variety of behavioral responses to acute and chronic ethanol treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for genetic differences in initial neurochemical or behavioral sensitivity to ethanol, and adaptation following chronic or repeated ethanol administration, remain to be elucidated. Pharmacogenetic research will increasingly move toward mapping, cloning, identification, and functional analysis of the genes underlying the actions of ethanol. The approaches discussed here permit molecular analysis of both known and previously unknown genes regulating behavioral sensitivity to ethanol. The synthesis of molecular methods and behavioral genetics offers immediate hope for delineating the role of the GABA(A) receptor complex, and other determinants of GABAergic neurotransmission, in determining genetic variation in behavioral responses to ethanol.
近期研究表明，抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）参与了乙醇的许多神经化学作用以及对急性和慢性乙醇处理的多种行为反应。然而，导致对乙醇初始神经化学或行为敏感性的遗传差异以及慢性或反复给予乙醇后的适应性变化的分子机制仍有待阐明。药物遗传学研究将越来越多地朝着绘制、克隆、鉴定和功能分析乙醇作用相关基因的方向发展。这里讨论的方法允许对调节对乙醇行为敏感性的已知和先前未知基因进行分子分析。分子方法与行为遗传学的结合为描绘GABA(A)受体复合物以及其他GABA能神经传递决定因素在确定对乙醇行为反应的遗传变异中的作用带来了直接的希望。
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