Charreau B, Tesson L, Soulillou J P, Pourcel C, Anegon I
INSERM U437, Institut de Transplantation et Recherche en Transplantation, Nantes, France.
Transgenic Res. 1996 Jul;5(4):223-34. doi: 10.1007/BF01972876.
The production of transgenic rats by DNA-microinjection into fertilized ova has now become an established procedure, although fewer than 20 lines have been described during the last 5 years. Overall, transgenic rats remain more difficult to produce than transgenic mice, but satisfactory yields have been obtained by several laboratories. A review of the methods used to generate transgenic rats shows considerable variation between different laboratories, particularly in choice of strain, superovulation protocols and the use of embryo culture before reimplantation. In some instances, the production of transgenic rats has provided data that are new and relevant, compared to data obtained in mice bearing the same transgene. Models have been developed for human diseases such as hypertension and autoimmunity, and applications have been found in the study of carcinogenesis and in pharmacological research. Transgenic rat technology also opens up interesting perspectives for transplantation research, in which microsurgery is an essential procedure. Intensive research is in progress in several laboratories to produce rat embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, but existing lines have not participated in germ line formation a prerequisite for their use in gene knock out experiments.
通过向受精卵显微注射DNA来生产转基因大鼠，如今已成为一种既定的方法，尽管在过去5年中报道的品系不到20个。总体而言，生产转基因大鼠仍比生产转基因小鼠更困难，但几个实验室已获得了令人满意的产量。对用于生成转基因大鼠的方法进行的综述表明，不同实验室之间存在很大差异，特别是在品系选择、超排卵方案以及再植入前胚胎培养的使用方面。在某些情况下，与携带相同转基因的小鼠所获得的数据相比，转基因大鼠的生产提供了新的相关数据。已经开发出了针对高血压和自身免疫等人类疾病的模型，并在癌症发生研究和药理学研究中得到了应用。转基因大鼠技术也为移植研究开辟了有趣的前景，其中显微外科手术是必不可少的步骤。几个实验室正在进行深入研究以生产大鼠胚胎干细胞（ES）系，但现有的品系尚未参与种系形成，而种系形成是它们用于基因敲除实验的先决条件。
