Toddler adjustment: impact of parents' drug use, personality, and parent-child relations.

The intercorrelations among parents' drug use, personality, and parent-child relations and the child's anxious/regressive and reflective behaviors were investigated in a sample of 2-year-olds (N = 115). The results indicate that maternal child-rearing practices mediate the effect of maternal personality attributes on the child's intrapsychic functioning. The father's drug use had a direct influence on the child's reflective behavior. Generally, the mother's drug use, personality, and child-rearing practices were more important than the father's attributes. However, the father's drug use had a strong impact on the child when it interacted with the mother's drug use. Parental differences and implications for prevention are discussed.