Juárez-Muñoz I E, Rodríguez-Godoy M E, Guadarrama-Sotelo M E, Guerrero-Anaya M, Mejía-Arangúre J M, Sciandra-Rico M
Departamento de Pediatría Médica Prescolares, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, IMSS.
Salud Publica Mex. 1996 May-Jun;38(3):212-6.
To estimate the prevalence of undetected vision abnormalities among preschool children. These problems can lead to a variety of adverse consequences, the most serious being amblyopia, which becomes irreversible after the fifth year without treatment. In some other countries there are screening programs to identify visual abnormalities among four year old children. In our country there are no studies about the prevalence of this problem among preschool children.
A total of 39 preschool children were randomly selected from 93 kindergarten schools in a District of Mexico City. In total, 343 children were screened for ophthalmologic abnormalities by two pediatricians who were previously trained for this purpose.
Fifty-seven (16.6%) children failed the visual acuity testing: four had strabismus, four cataract, and one glaucoma, and 48 refraction defects. Only 13 (3.8%) had been previously examined, ever.
We consider that the prevalence found supports the recommendation to promote ophthalmologic examining as part of the routinary child care practice and to perform preventive preschool screening.
评估学龄前儿童中未被发现的视力异常患病率。这些问题可能导致各种不良后果，最严重的是弱视，五岁后若不治疗将不可逆转。在其他一些国家，有针对四岁儿童进行视力异常筛查的项目。在我国，尚无关于学龄前儿童中该问题患病率的研究。
从墨西哥城一个区的93所幼儿园中随机选取了39名学龄前儿童。共有343名儿童由两名为此接受过培训的儿科医生进行了眼科异常筛查。
57名（16.6%）儿童视力测试未通过：4名斜视，4名白内障，1名青光眼，48名屈光缺陷。此前曾接受过检查的仅有13名（3.8%）。
我们认为所发现的患病率支持以下建议，即推广眼科检查作为常规儿童保健实践的一部分，并开展预防性学龄前筛查。
