Steffens W
Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Dept. Fish Culture and Fish Pathology, Berlin-Friedrichshagen, Germany.
Arch Tierernahr. 1996;49(1):93-8. doi: 10.1080/17450399609381867.
Although carp is in a position to utilize carbohydrates efficiently, lipids are an important energy source in carp diets. In general fat-enriched high-energy diets result in rapid growth and favourable feed conversion. Many authors emphasize the protein-sparing effect of lipid supplementation in carp diets. For efficient protein-utilization an optimal protein/energy ratio in feed is necessary. Good results may be obtained with diets containing 30-50% high-quality protein, > 14 MJ digestible energy/kg and a lipid level of at least 15%. Low protein-high energy diets bring about low nitrogen excretion which is important for maintenance water quality. Lipid-supplemented diets lead to increased lipid content in the carp. Fingerling carp with high fat deposits exhibit an improved overwintering ability. By using fish oil as lipid source it is possible to produce carp meat with high concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids which are beneficial for human health.
尽管鲤鱼能够有效利用碳水化合物，但脂质是鲤鱼饲料中的重要能量来源。一般来说，富含脂肪的高能饲料能促进鲤鱼快速生长并带来良好的饲料转化率。许多作者强调在鲤鱼饲料中添加脂质的蛋白质节约效应。为了有效利用蛋白质，饲料中需要有最佳的蛋白质/能量比。含有30 - 50%优质蛋白质、> 14兆焦可消化能量/千克且脂质水平至少为15%的饲料可取得良好效果。低蛋白高能饲料能降低氮排泄，这对维持水质很重要。添加脂质的饲料会使鲤鱼体内的脂质含量增加。脂肪沉积高的鲤鱼幼鱼越冬能力有所提高。通过使用鱼油作为脂质来源，可以生产出富含对人体健康有益的n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸的鲤鱼肉。
