Liautard J P, Gross A, Dornand J, Köhler S
INSERM U-431, Université Montpellier II, France.
Microbiologia. 1996 Jun;12(2):197-206.
Induced pathogenicity in animals and humans differs considerably. This review is devoted to the relations between Brucella spp. and professional phagocytes, particularly macrophages and macrophagic cell lines in vitro. Although numerous studies have been reported, the type of ingestion by macrophages, the receptor involved, and the molecular mechanisms, are poorly understood. The ability of most Brucella species to actively inhibit their ingestion by neutrophils or macrophages has been proposed as an explanation for the poor rate of in vitro phagocytosis and in vivo alteration of the phagocytic cells. Oxidative burst plays a significant role in the antibacterial processes of phagocytic cells. The effects of whole or fractioned B. abortus on the ability of neutrophils to induce an oxidative burst in response to stimulation with opsonized zymosan particles were examined. Besides oxygen-based killing, the phagocytic cells have developed other types of defence, including hydrolytic enzymes and reactive halides. Inside the cell, the bacteria encounter new environmental conditions. Their survival is conditioned by an adaptation to this new situation. Pathogens that have acquired the ability to multiply within macrophages should synthesize products specifically interacting with the host cell defence system. Survival of intracellular pathogens is closely linked to the mechanisms of evasion from cellular defences. Brucellae stay in membrane bound vacuoles called phagosomes, but the exact nature and the maturation pathway of this compartment have not yet been understood. Macrophages play a central role in the evolution of brucellosis; this first interaction between the pathogens and the cell will determine the course of the disease. There are natural differences between brucellae species regarding macrophage response to the bacteria.
布鲁氏菌在动物和人类中引发的致病性差异很大。本综述致力于探讨布鲁氏菌属与专业吞噬细胞之间的关系，特别是体外环境下的巨噬细胞和巨噬细胞系。尽管已有大量研究报道，但巨噬细胞的吞噬类型、所涉及的受体以及分子机制仍知之甚少。多数布鲁氏菌能够主动抑制中性粒细胞或巨噬细胞对其的吞噬作用，这一现象被认为是体外吞噬率较低以及吞噬细胞在体内发生改变的原因。氧化爆发在吞噬细胞的抗菌过程中发挥着重要作用。研究了完整或分级的流产布鲁氏菌对中性粒细胞在经调理的酵母聚糖颗粒刺激下引发氧化爆发能力的影响。除了基于氧的杀伤作用外，吞噬细胞还发展出了其他类型的防御机制，包括水解酶和活性卤化物。在细胞内部，细菌会遇到新的环境条件。它们的存活取决于对这种新情况的适应。已经获得在巨噬细胞内繁殖能力的病原体应该合成与宿主细胞防御系统特异性相互作用的产物。细胞内病原体的存活与逃避细胞防御的机制密切相关。布鲁氏菌存在于称为吞噬体的膜结合空泡中，但该区室的确切性质和成熟途径尚未明确。巨噬细胞在布鲁氏菌病的发展过程中起着核心作用；病原体与细胞之间的首次相互作用将决定疾病的进程。不同布鲁氏菌物种在巨噬细胞对细菌的反应方面存在天然差异。
