Levitin D J, Cook P R
Department of Psychology 1227, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403-1227, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1996 Aug;58(6):927-35. doi: 10.3758/bf03205494.
We report evidence that long-term memory retains absolute (accurate) features of perceptual events. Specifically, we show that memory for music seems to preserve the absolute tempo of the musical performance. In Experiment 1, 46 subjects sang two different popular songs from memory, and their tempos were compared with recorded versions of the songs. Seventy-two percent of the productions on two consecutive trials came within 8% of the actual tempo, demonstrating accuracy near the perceptual threshold (JND) for tempo. In Experiment 2, a control experiment, we found that folk songs lacking a tempo standard generally have a large variability in tempo; this counters arguments that memory for the tempo of remembered songs is driven by articulatory constraints. The relevance of the present findings to theories of perceptual memory and memory for music is discussed.
我们报告了长期记忆保留感知事件绝对（准确）特征的证据。具体而言，我们发现对音乐的记忆似乎保留了音乐表演的绝对节奏。在实验1中，46名受试者凭记忆演唱了两首不同的流行歌曲，并将他们演唱的节奏与歌曲的录音版本进行比较。在连续两次试验中，72%的演唱节奏与实际节奏相差在8%以内，这表明在节奏方面接近感知阈值（最小可觉差）的准确性。在实验2（一个对照实验）中，我们发现缺乏节奏标准的民歌在节奏上通常有很大的变异性；这反驳了认为记忆歌曲节奏是由发音限制驱动的观点。本文讨论了这些发现与感知记忆理论和音乐记忆的相关性。
