Valentiner D P, Riggs D S, Gershuny B S
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Aug;105(3):455-8. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.105.3.455.
The coping behaviors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of 215 female assault victims (103 rape victims and 112 nonsexual assault victims) were assessed within 2 weeks following the assault (Time 1), and 133 of them (62%) were followed up 3 months later (Time 2). Posttrauma symptom severity significantly decreased during the 3-month study period, but PTSD severity levels at Times 1 and 2 were highly correlated. Three coping scales were constructed on the basis of exploratory factor analyses: Mobilizing Support, Positive Distancing, and Wishful Thinking. Three months postassault, rape victims showed higher levels of wishful thinking and PTSD than nonsexual assault victims. Wishful thinking showed a positive association and positive distancing a negative association with PTSD severity, controlling for assault type, initial levels of PTSD severity, and other coping strategies. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.
对215名女性袭击受害者（103名强奸受害者和112名非性侵犯受害者）在袭击后2周内（时间1）的应对行为和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状进行了评估，其中133人（62%）在3个月后（时间2）接受了随访。在3个月的研究期间，创伤后症状严重程度显著降低，但时间1和时间2的PTSD严重程度水平高度相关。基于探索性因素分析构建了三个应对量表：动员支持、积极疏离和一厢情愿。袭击后三个月，强奸受害者的一厢情愿和PTSD水平高于非性侵犯受害者。在控制袭击类型、PTSD严重程度初始水平和其他应对策略的情况下，一厢情愿与PTSD严重程度呈正相关，积极疏离与PTSD严重程度呈负相关。讨论了这些发现的临床意义。
