Greco-Vigorito C
Psychology Division of Social Sciences St. John's University, Staten Island, NY 10301, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 1996 Jun;82(3 Pt 1):915-27. doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.915.
4- to 10-month-old infants were tested in 2 experiments to determine whether they used a similar attribute or a similar relationship among attributes to make visual judgments of similarity and categorization. In Exp. 1 infants were familiarized with a single stimulus composed of several attributes and a prescribed relationship among the attributes, left wing smaller than right wing. When tested in a novelty-preference procedure with novel stimuli that either preserved a single attribute but violated the relationship (Attribute Test Stimulus) or preserved the relationship with a new set of attributes (Relational Test Stimulus), 4-mo.-olds treated the Attribute Test Stimulus as familiar, whereas 6-mo.-olds treated the Relational Test Stimulus as familiar. Neither 8- nor 10-mo.-olds showed a preference for either test stimulus. In Exp.2 a category containing 3 exemplars was constructed. In each exemplar a single attribute, left wing, was held constant, and all 3 exemplars shared the same relational structure, left wing smaller than right wing, but the remaining attributes varied across exemplars. Four, 6-, and 8-mo.-olds in Exp. 2 reliably included the novel Attribute Test Stimulus in the category. These data suggest that, although infants under 8 months can recognize relational information, they may not always use that information when making categorization judgments, particularly if a single, well-defined attribute is available as the basis for categorization.
在两项实验中，对4至10个月大的婴儿进行了测试，以确定他们是使用相似属性还是属性之间的相似关系来进行视觉上的相似性判断和分类。在实验1中，让婴儿熟悉由几个属性以及属性之间规定关系（左翼小于右翼）组成的单一刺激。当在新奇偏好程序中用新刺激进行测试时，对于那些要么保留单个属性但违反关系的刺激（属性测试刺激），要么保留关系但使用一组新属性的刺激（关系测试刺激），4个月大的婴儿将属性测试刺激视为熟悉的，而6个月大的婴儿将关系测试刺激视为熟悉的。8个月和10个月大的婴儿对这两种测试刺激都没有表现出偏好。在实验2中，构建了一个包含3个范例的类别。在每个范例中，单个属性“左翼”保持不变，并且所有3个范例都共享相同的关系结构“左翼小于右翼”，但其余属性在各个范例中有所不同。实验2中的4个月、6个月和8个月大的婴儿可靠地将新的属性测试刺激纳入了该类别。这些数据表明，尽管8个月以下的婴儿能够识别关系信息，但他们在进行分类判断时可能并不总是使用该信息，特别是如果有一个单一的、明确界定的属性可作为分类的基础时。
