Mujika I, Busso T, Lacoste L, Barale F, Geyssant A, Chatard J C
Laboratoire de Physiologie-GIP Exercise, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Feb;28(2):251-8. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199602000-00015.
This study investigated the effect of training on performance and assessed the response to taper in elite swimmers (N = 18), using a mathematical model that links training with performance and estimates the negative and positive influences of training, NI and PI. Variations in training, performance, NI, and PI were studied during 3-, 4-, and 6-wk tapers. The fit between modeled and actual performance was significant for 17 subjects; r2 ranged from 0.45 to 0.85, P < 0.05. Training was progressively reduced during tapers. Performance improved during the first two tapers: 2.90 +/- 1.50% (P < 0.01) and 3.20 +/- 1.70% (P < 0.01). Performance improvement in the third taper was not significant (1.81 +/- 1.73%). NI was reduced during the first two tapers (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), but not during the third. PI did not change significantly during tapers. Thus, the present results show that the model used is a valuable method to describe the effects of training on performance. Performance improvement during taper was attributed to a reduction in NI. PI did not improve with taper, but it was not compromised by the reduced training periods.
本研究调查了训练对精英游泳运动员（N = 18）成绩的影响，并使用一个将训练与成绩联系起来的数学模型评估了减量训练的反应，该模型估计了训练的负面和正面影响，即NI和PI。在3周、4周和6周的减量训练期间，研究了训练、成绩、NI和PI的变化。17名受试者的模型成绩与实际成绩之间的拟合度显著；r2范围为0.45至0.85，P < 0.05。在减量训练期间，训练量逐渐减少。在前两次减量训练期间成绩提高：2.90 +/- 1.50%（P < 0.01）和3.20 +/- 1.70%（P < 0.01）。第三次减量训练期间成绩提高不显著（1.81 +/- 1.73%）。在前两次减量训练期间NI降低（分别为P < 0.01和P < 0.05），但第三次未降低。在减量训练期间PI没有显著变化。因此，目前的结果表明，所使用的模型是描述训练对成绩影响的一种有价值的方法。减量训练期间成绩的提高归因于NI的降低。PI并没有随着减量训练而提高，但也没有因训练周期的缩短而受到影响。
