Addor V, Santos-Eggimann B
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Eur J Pediatr. 1996 Feb;155(2):130-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02075767.
A population survey was conducted to determine the incidence of injuries among preschoolers and their risk factors. A systematic sample (15%, n = 4540) of families with at least one child aged 0-5 years in 1991 living in the Canton of Vaud (Switzerland) received a mailed questionnaire in February 1992. There were 5827 eligible children in the sample. The response rate was 67.5% after two recall mailings. Injuries were defined as those from all causes with at least one physician contact in 1991. The overall incidence was 224 injuries per 1000 children (95% CI [= confidence intervall]: 211-237); 188 per 1000 children were injured over 1 year (95% CI: 176-200, n = 746), of whom 16.5% (n = 123) had 32 injuries. Falls represented 66% of all injuries, followed by burns (8%) and poisonings (5%). The proportion of hospitalized cases was 4.8% and the population incidence of hospitalization due to injury was 10.8/1000 children. Socioeconomic factors did not influence the occurrence of injuries.
The measured incidence of injuries among preschoolers is among the highest in developed countries. Practitioners could contribute more effectively to injury prevention through routine information and counselling of parents from all social backgrounds.
进行了一项人口调查以确定学龄前儿童受伤的发生率及其危险因素。1992年2月，对1991年居住在瑞士沃州、家中至少有一名0至5岁儿童的家庭进行了系统抽样（15%，n = 4540），并邮寄了调查问卷。样本中有5827名符合条件的儿童。经过两次追访邮件后，回复率为67.5%。受伤定义为1991年因各种原因至少与一名医生接触过的情况。总体发生率为每1000名儿童中有224起受伤事件（95%置信区间：211 - 237）；每1000名儿童中有188人在一年中受伤（95%置信区间：176 - 200，n = 746），其中16.5%（n = 123）的人发生了32起受伤事件。跌倒占所有受伤事件的66%，其次是烧伤（8%）和中毒（5%）。住院病例的比例为4.8%，因伤住院的人口发生率为每1000名儿童中有10.8例。社会经济因素不影响受伤的发生。
所测得的学龄前儿童受伤发生率在发达国家中处于最高水平之一。从业者可以通过对所有社会背景的家长进行常规信息提供和咨询，更有效地促进伤害预防。
