Pascoe D D, Gladden L B
Department of Health and Human Performance, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
Sports Med. 1996 Feb;21(2):98-118. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199621020-00003.
Typical rates of muscle glycogen resynthesis after short term, high intensity exercise (15.1 to 33.6 mmol/kg/h) are much higher than glycogen resynthesis rates following prolonged exercise (approximately 2 mmol/kg/h), even when optimal amounts of oral carbohydrate are supplied (approximately mmol/kg/h). Several factors differ during post-exercise recovery from short term, high intensity exercise compared with prolonged exercise. The extremely fast rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis following short term, high intensity exercise may originate from these differences. First, peak blood glucose levels range from 6.6 to 8.9 mmol/L during recovery from short term, high intensity exercise. This is markedly higher than the blood glucose values of 2 to 3.4 mmol/L after prolonged exercise. In response to this elevation in plasma glucose levels, insulin levels increase to approximately 60 microU/ml, a 2-fold increase over resting values. Both glucose and insulin regulate glycogen synthase activity, and higher levels of them improve muscle glycogen synthesis. Secondly, high intensity exercise produces high levels of glycolytic intermediates in muscle, as well as high lactate levels ([La]) in muscle and blood. Finally, fast-twitch glycolytic muscle fibres are more heavily used in short term, high intensity exercise. This promotes greater glycogen depletion in the fast-twitch fibres, which have a higher level of glycogen synthase activity than slow-twitch fibres. While the exact contribution of each of these factors is unknown, they may act in combination to stimulate rapid muscle glycogen resynthesis rates. Muscle glycogen resynthesis rates following resistance exercise (1.3 to 11.1 mmol/kg/h) are slower than the rates observed after short term, high intensity exercise. This may be caused by slightly lower muscle and blood [La] after resistance exercise. In addition, a greater eccentric component in the resistance exercise may cause some interference with glycogen resynthesis.
短期高强度运动后肌肉糖原再合成的典型速率（15.1至33.6毫摩尔/千克/小时）远高于长时间运动后的糖原再合成速率（约2毫摩尔/千克/小时），即使提供了最佳量的口服碳水化合物（约毫摩尔/千克/小时）。与长时间运动相比，短期高强度运动后的运动恢复过程中有几个因素不同。短期高强度运动后肌肉糖原再合成的极快速率可能源于这些差异。首先，短期高强度运动恢复期间，血糖峰值水平在6.6至8.9毫摩尔/升之间。这明显高于长时间运动后2至3.4毫摩尔/升的血糖值。随着血浆葡萄糖水平的升高，胰岛素水平增加到约60微单位/毫升，比静息值增加了两倍。葡萄糖和胰岛素都调节糖原合酶活性，它们的较高水平可改善肌肉糖原合成。其次，高强度运动在肌肉中产生高水平的糖酵解中间产物，以及肌肉和血液中的高乳酸水平（[La]）。最后，在短期高强度运动中，快肌糖酵解纤维的使用更为频繁。这促进了快肌纤维中更大程度的糖原消耗，而快肌纤维的糖原合酶活性水平高于慢肌纤维。虽然这些因素各自的确切作用尚不清楚，但它们可能共同作用以刺激快速的肌肉糖原再合成速率。抗阻运动后的肌肉糖原再合成速率（1.3至11.1毫摩尔/千克/小时）比短期高强度运动后的速率要慢。这可能是由于抗阻运动后肌肉和血液中的[La]略低所致。此外，抗阻运动中更大的离心成分可能会对糖原再合成造成一些干扰。
