Rohrschneider W K, Fuchs G, Tröger J
Universität Heidelberg, Pädiatrische Radiologie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Pediatr Radiol. 1996 Sep;26(9):629-34. doi: 10.1007/BF01356823.
To redefine the ultrasonographic features of the normal hip joint in children and to establish a normal value for the neck-capsule distance (NCD) of its anterior recess.
332 hips of 166 asymptomatic children were examined sonographically. In a sagittal section plane the maximum distance between the anterior surface of the femoral neck and the anterior limit of the articular capsule (NCD-A) was measured.
The hypoechoic synovial membrane occupying the anterior recess could always be differentiated from the capsule. An additional thin layer of synovial fluid was detected in 12% of probands. The configuration of the capsule varied with different rotation positions of the legs. In small children the mean NCD-A increased from 2.5 mm at 65 cm height to 5 mm at 100 cm height. In larger children the mean NCD-A was 5.5 mm. The mean right-to-left difference was 0.5 mm with a pathological limit of 2 mm.
The pathological limit of the NCD-A increases from 3.5 to 7.5 mm in relation to the height. Sonographic investigation of the pediatric hip joint must include detailed demonstration of anatomical structures to avoid misinterpretations.
重新定义儿童正常髋关节的超声特征，并确定其前隐窝的颈-囊距离（NCD）的正常值。
对166例无症状儿童的332个髋关节进行超声检查。在矢状切面中测量股骨颈前表面与关节囊前界之间的最大距离（NCD-A）。
占据前隐窝的低回声滑膜总能与关节囊区分开来。12%的受检者检测到额外的一层薄滑膜液。关节囊的形态随腿部不同旋转位置而变化。在幼儿中，平均NCD-A从身高65厘米时的2.5毫米增加到身高100厘米时的5毫米。在较大儿童中，平均NCD-A为5.5毫米。左右平均差值为0.5毫米，病理界限为2毫米。
NCD-A的病理界限随身高从3.5毫米增加到7.5毫米。小儿髋关节的超声检查必须包括详细显示解剖结构，以避免误诊。
