Tice R R, Stack H F, Waters M D
Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):585-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.96104s3585.
The Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) database was used to identify and compare agents showing genotoxic activity in humans. The database revealed several substances for which both human and rodent cytogenetic data existed. Based on the ratio of the lowest effective doses (LEDs) in rodents versus human studies, humans appear to be at least 10 times more sensitive than rodents to the majority of the genotoxic substances examined. Several caveats are discussed which may be responsible, in part, for the apparent differences in sensitivity. Some of these differences could be due to variations in the test protocols or they may, in fact, reflect real differences between human and rodent cells. However, in contrast to the in vivo comparison, the LEDs for human data from in vitro studies were not uniformly lower than for comparable studies in rodents. The in vitro comparison suggests that the apparent differences in human versus rodent cell sensitivity seen in vivo must be viewed with a degree of caution. Nevertheless, the overall GAPs for these agents, and particularly the human in vivo data, underscore the concern for adequate protection of humans exposed to these environmental mutagens.
遗传活性谱（GAP）数据库用于识别和比较在人类中显示遗传毒性活性的物质。该数据库揭示了几种同时存在人类和啮齿动物细胞遗传学数据的物质。根据啮齿动物与人类研究中最低有效剂量（LED）的比例，对于大多数所检测的遗传毒性物质，人类似乎比啮齿动物至少敏感10倍。文中讨论了一些可能部分导致敏感性明显差异的注意事项。其中一些差异可能是由于测试方案的变化，或者实际上可能反映了人类和啮齿动物细胞之间的真实差异。然而，与体内比较不同，体外研究中人类数据的LED并不总是低于啮齿动物的可比研究。体外比较表明，对于体内观察到的人类与啮齿动物细胞敏感性的明显差异必须谨慎看待。尽管如此，这些物质的总体遗传活性谱，特别是人类体内数据，强调了对充分保护接触这些环境诱变剂的人类的关注。
