Faruque S, Edlin B R, McCoy C B, Word C O, Larsen S A, Schmid D S, Von Bargen J C, Serrano Y
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Sep;13(1):87-92. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199609000-00012.
Crack cocaine causes blisters, sores, and cuts on the lips and in the mouths of persons who smoke it, and such sores may facilitate the oral transmission of HIV. We recruited young adults aged 18-29 years, who either were current regular crack smokers, or who had never smoked crack, from inner city neighborhoods in New York, Miami, and San Francisco. Participants were interviewed for HIV risk behaviors and history of recent oral sores and were tested for HIV, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibodies. Among the 2,323 participants recruited, 1,404 (60%) were crack smokers. Crack smokers (10.0%) were more likely than nonsmokers (4.5%) to report having had oral sores in the past 30 days [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-3.4]. Sores were also more prevalent among those who had ever injected drugs (14.3%) than among those who had not (6.7%; POR 2.3, 95% CI 1.7-3.4), and among those with HIV infection (14.3%) than among those without it (8.0%; POR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.8). Among the 429 participants who reported receptive oral sex, those who reported oral sores were more likely than those who did not to have HIV infection, after other HIV risk factors were controlled for (adjusted POR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.6). Our results confirm that crack smokers have a high prevalence of oral sores and provides evidence that these sores, although infrequently, may facilitate oral transmission of HIV.
快克可卡因会导致吸食者嘴唇和口腔出现水泡、溃疡和伤口，这些溃疡可能会促进艾滋病毒的口腔传播。我们从纽约、迈阿密和旧金山的市中心社区招募了年龄在18至29岁之间的年轻人，他们要么是当前经常吸食快克可卡因的人，要么从未吸食过快克可卡因。参与者接受了关于艾滋病毒风险行为和近期口腔溃疡病史的访谈，并接受了艾滋病毒、梅毒和单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）抗体检测。在招募的2323名参与者中，1404人（60%）是快克可卡因吸食者。快克可卡因吸食者（10.0%）比不吸食者（4.5%）更有可能报告在过去30天内有口腔溃疡[患病率比值比（POR）2.4，95%置信区间（CI）1.7 - 3.4]。溃疡在曾经注射过毒品的人（14.3%）中也比未注射过毒品的人（6.7%；POR 2.3，95% CI 1.7 - 3.4）中更普遍，在感染艾滋病毒的人（14.3%）中比未感染艾滋病毒的人（8.0%；POR 1.9，95% CI 1.3 - 2.8）中更普遍。在报告有口交行为的429名参与者中，在控制了其他艾滋病毒风险因素后，报告有口腔溃疡的人比没有口腔溃疡的人更有可能感染艾滋病毒（调整后的POR 1.9，95% CI 1.0 - 3.6）。我们的结果证实，快克可卡因吸食者口腔溃疡的患病率很高，并提供了证据表明这些溃疡虽然不常见，但可能会促进艾滋病毒的口腔传播。
