Davanger S
Department of Anatomy, University of Oslo, Norway.
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1996 Jul;194(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/BF00196310.
During the last 20 to 30 years, numerous examples have been provided of neurons and endocrine cells that are able to produce, store, and in many cases release more than one type of signal molecule. Recent models propose that neurons often employ an amino acid, an amine, and one or more neuroactive peptides, and that endocrine cells may release more than one peptide hormone. In neurons, the different classes of transmitter convey fast, intermediate, and slow signalling respectively. However, a series of studies demonstrates that neurons may colocalize more than one neuroactive amino acid, and that endocrine cells may contain an amino acid along with their peptide hormone. These forms of colocalization seem to add new levels of complexity to the role of amino acids in cell signalling, suggesting that, in neurons, amino acids may interact at the receptor level, modifying the effect of each other, and that, in endocrine cells, amino acids may act together with or parallel to a peptide hormone in a paracrine or autocrine manner.
在过去二三十年中，已有大量实例表明，神经元和内分泌细胞能够产生、储存，并且在许多情况下释放不止一种类型的信号分子。近期模型提出，神经元通常会利用一种氨基酸、一种胺类物质以及一种或多种神经活性肽，而且内分泌细胞可能会释放不止一种肽类激素。在神经元中，不同种类的递质分别传递快速、中等速度和慢速信号。然而，一系列研究表明，神经元可能会共定位不止一种神经活性氨基酸，并且内分泌细胞可能在含有肽类激素的同时还含有一种氨基酸。这些共定位形式似乎给氨基酸在细胞信号传导中的作用增添了新的复杂层面，这表明，在神经元中，氨基酸可能在受体水平相互作用，改变彼此的效应，而在内分泌细胞中，氨基酸可能以旁分泌或自分泌方式与肽类激素共同作用或平行发挥作用。
