Byrd S E, Harvey C, McLone D G, Darling C F
Division of Neuroimaging, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 1996 Aug;88(8):510-6.
This article presents a retrospective analysis of the presentation, imaging studies, and associated findings in 20 children with surgically and histologically proven terminal myelocystoceles. All 20 children presented at birth with a black mass; 13 had cloacal extrophy. The patient population was comprised of 15 girls and 5 with ambiguous genitalia: Of the imaging studies, 8 had plain radiographs, 6 myelography-computed tomography, 11 ultrasound, and 14 magnetic resonance. The associated findings included Chiari I (eight patients), Chiari II (one patient), hydromyelia (three patients), hydrocephalus (three patients), and vertebral segmentation anomalies (six patients). Magnetic resonance imaging was the best imaging modality to diagnose and evaluate children with a myelocystocele. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the classic findings: a terminal cyst of the central canal of the spinal cord that is tethered and herniated with arachnoid and cerebrospinal fluid through an area of spinal dysphria onto the back as a mass.
本文对20例经手术及组织学证实为终末脊髓脊膜膨出的患儿的临床表现、影像学检查及相关发现进行了回顾性分析。所有20例患儿出生时均有一黑色肿物；13例有泄殖腔外翻。患者群体包括15名女孩和5名生殖器模糊者。在影像学检查中，8例行X线平片检查，6例行脊髓造影计算机断层扫描，11例行超声检查，14例行磁共振成像检查。相关发现包括Chiari I型（8例患者）、Chiari II型（1例患者）、脊髓空洞症（3例患者）、脑积水（3例患者）和椎体节段异常（6例患者）。磁共振成像（MRI）是诊断和评估脊髓脊膜膨出患儿的最佳影像学检查方法。MRI显示了典型表现：脊髓中央管终末囊肿，通过脊髓发育不全区域与蛛网膜和脑脊液相连并疝出至背部形成肿物。
