Feuerlein W
Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Klinisches Institut, München.
Herz. 1996 Aug;21(4):213-6.
Formerly the term alcoholism has been defined only by alcohol-related conditions. About 20 years ago a WHO committee recommended to differentiate between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. The new classifications and manuals followed this proposal: Criteria for alcohol abuse are still alcohol sequelae whereas alcohol dependence is characterized by tolerance and withdrawal syndrome as well as by some specific behavioral states e.g. impaired alcohol control, consumption despite problems. For easier and safer diagnosis of alcoholism some tests have been developed. Most of them use questionnaires and/or clinic and lab data. Two of the tests are mentioned in some detail. Special reference has been given to the 200 years old disease concept of alcoholism which is still under discussion. The debate should start with a general definition of disease. A comprehensive biopsychosocial model will be developed. The last chapter deals with the conditions for the development of alcoholism. A triangle model serves for the explanation of the complicated circular relations between drug (alcohol)-individuum-social background.
以前，酒精中毒这一术语仅根据与酒精相关的状况来定义。大约20年前，世界卫生组织的一个委员会建议区分酒精滥用和酒精依赖。新的分类和手册采纳了这一建议：酒精滥用的标准仍然是酒精后遗症，而酒精依赖的特征是耐受性、戒断综合征以及一些特定的行为状态，例如酒精控制受损、尽管有问题仍继续饮酒。为了更轻松、更安全地诊断酒精中毒，已经开发了一些测试。其中大多数使用问卷和/或临床及实验室数据。详细提及了其中两项测试。特别提到了已有200年历史的酒精中毒疾病概念，该概念仍在讨论中。这场辩论应从疾病的一般定义开始。将建立一个全面的生物心理社会模型。最后一章论述酒精中毒的发展条件。一个三角模型用于解释药物（酒精）-个体-社会背景之间复杂的循环关系。
