Willard C
Manchester College of Midwifery and Nursing, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Jul;24(1):60-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.01698.x.
In order to secure professional standing, nursing has sought to discover and prove the value and uniqueness of the nursing contribution to patient well-being. A prominent feature of this quest has been the assertion by nurses and nurse writers that the nurse has a specific and special function as patient advocate. There is a substantial amount of literature to support this view, which is further reinforce by the United Kingdom Central Council (UKCC) for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting which states that advocacy forms an integral part of the nurse's duty to patients. This paper provides a critical analysis of some of the features central to advocacy in order to promote clarification of the concept. These include the patient's rights and interests in health care, the moral status of patient autonomy, the obligations owed to patients by nurses and the work of independent advocacy schemes. It is suggested that the literature tends to confuse advocacy with beneficence which dilutes the significance of advocacy in health care, and that nurses have no special function as patient advocate. Furthermore, due to the rigorous demands of the advocate role, the UKCC neither can nor should impose such an obligation on its members, who would be better served by improved support when they endeavour to discharge the full range of beneficent obligations owed to patients within their care.
为了确保专业地位，护理学一直在努力发现并证明护理工作对患者福祉的价值和独特性。这一探索的一个显著特征是护士及护理领域作者断言护士作为患者代言人具有特定且特殊的职能。有大量文献支持这一观点，英国护理、助产与健康访视中央委员会（UKCC）也进一步强化了这一观点，该委员会指出，代言是护士对患者责任的一个重要组成部分。本文对代言的一些核心特征进行批判性分析，以促进对这一概念的厘清。这些特征包括患者在医疗保健中的权利和利益、患者自主的道德地位、护士对患者的义务以及独立代言计划的工作。有人认为，相关文献往往将代言与行善混为一谈，这削弱了代言在医疗保健中的重要性，而且护士作为患者代言人并没有特殊职能。此外，由于代言人角色的严格要求，UKCC既不能也不应将这样一项义务强加于其成员身上，当护士努力履行对其所护理患者应尽的各种行善义务时，给予他们更好的支持会对他们更有帮助。
