Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart J M, Hoffmann J A
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire at Cellulaire, UPR 9022 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France.
Cell. 1996 Sep 20;86(6):973-83. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80172-5.
The cytokine-induced activation cascade of NF-kappaB in mammals and the activation of the morphogen dorsal in Drosophila embryos show striking structural and functional similarities (Toll/IL-1, Cactus/I-kappaB, and dorsal/NF-kappaB). Here we demonstrate that these parallels extend to the immune response of Drosophila. In particular, the intracellular components of the dorsoventral signaling pathway (except for dorsal) and the extracellular Toll ligand, spätzle, control expression of the antifungal peptide gene drosomycin in adults. We also show that mutations in the Toll signaling pathway dramatically reduce survival after fungal infection. Antibacterial genes are induced either by a distinct pathway involving the immune deficiency gene (imd) or by combined activation of both imd and dorsoventral pathways.
哺乳动物中细胞因子诱导的核因子-κB激活级联反应与果蝇胚胎中形态发生素背腹信号蛋白的激活表现出惊人的结构和功能相似性（Toll/白细胞介素-1、Cactus/I-κB以及背腹信号蛋白/核因子-κB）。在此，我们证明这些相似性延伸至果蝇的免疫反应。特别地，背腹信号通路的细胞内组分（除背腹信号蛋白外）和细胞外Toll配体斯佩兹尔控制成体中抗真菌肽基因果蝇霉素的表达。我们还表明，Toll信号通路中的突变会显著降低真菌感染后的存活率。抗菌基因要么由涉及免疫缺陷基因（imd）的不同途径诱导，要么由imd和背腹信号通路的联合激活诱导。
