Munro A W, Lindsay J G
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
Mol Microbiol. 1996 Jun;20(6):1115-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02632.x.
The cytochromes P-450 (P-450s) constitute an extremely large family ('superfamily') of haemoproteins that catalyse the oxidation of a wide range of physiological and non-physiological compounds. A remarkable feature of the P-450s is the manipulation of the same basic structure and chemistry to achieve an enormous range of functions in organisms as diverse as bacteria and man. Indeed, the P-450s have been described as 'the most versatile biological catalyst known'. Much research is focussed on mammalian P-450s, with their roles in such processes as steroid transformations and the metabolism of carcinogens and other xenobiotics. However, our knowledge of the structure and function of the P-450s has been advanced by analysis of a limited number of its bacterial members, primarily P-450cam from Pseudomonas putida. Four P-450 structures have been solved to date, all of which are from bacterial sources. The aim of this review is to assess current knowledge of the many bacterial P-450s, with emphasis on their diverse biological roles and on the advances in our knowledge of this extremely important enzyme class, which have been made feasible through their study.
细胞色素P-450（P-450s）构成了一个极其庞大的血红素蛋白家族（“超家族”），可催化多种生理和非生理化合物的氧化反应。P-450s的一个显著特点是，利用相同的基本结构和化学性质，在细菌和人类等多种生物中实现了广泛的功能。事实上，P-450s被描述为“已知的最具通用性的生物催化剂”。许多研究集中在哺乳动物的P-450s上，它们在类固醇转化、致癌物和其他异生素的代谢等过程中发挥作用。然而，通过对少数细菌成员（主要是恶臭假单胞菌的P-450cam）的分析，我们对P-450s的结构和功能有了更深入的了解。迄今为止，已解析出四种P-450结构，均来自细菌。本综述的目的是评估目前对众多细菌P-450s的认识，重点关注它们多样的生物学作用，以及通过对其研究在我们对这一极其重要的酶类的认识上所取得的进展。
