Pace-Asciak C R, Rounova O, Hahn S E, Diamandis E P, Goldberg D M
Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Chim Acta. 1996 Mar 15;246(1-2):163-82. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(96)06236-5.
To test the hypothesis that red wine, by virtue of its relatively high concentration of polyphenols, is more protective against atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) than white wine, and that grape juice enriched in one of these, trans-resveratrol, may share some of these properties, studies were performed on 24 healthy males aged 26-45 years. Each consumed the following beverages for periods of 4 weeks: red wine, white wine, commercial grape juice and the same grape juice enriched with trans-resveratrol. Apart from the last beverage, 2 weeks abstinence was maintained before commencing the schedule. Blood was taken at the beginning and end of each schedule to determine plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentration and the IC50 (concentration required for 50% aggregation) for ADP and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. White wine (P < 0.05) but not red wine increased the IC50 for ADP. Both wines increased the IC50 for thrombin (P < 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively) and also lowered plasma TxB2 concentrations (P < 0.01 and P < 0.025, respectively). Neither grape juice altered ADP-induced aggregation or TxB2 concentrations, but the commercial juice lowered the IC50 for thrombin (P < 0.001) whereas the resveratrol-enriched juice caused a dramatic increase (P < 0.001). In vitro experiments demonstrated that the aggregation of fresh washed human platelets by ADP and thrombin was moderately reduced by both grape juices, strongly by red wine and not at all by white wine. The synthesis of TxB2 by platelets from labelled arachidonate was stimulated by commercial grape juice, slightly enhanced by resveratrol-enriched juice and strongly inhibited by red wine with white wine having little effect. Platelets from subjects consuming the commercial juice had a higher ratio of cyclo-oxygenase to lipoxygenase product formation and those consuming the resveratrol-enriched juice a lower ratio than during the control period. We conclude that trans-resveratrol can be absorbed from grape juice in biologically active quantities and in amounts that are likely to cause reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis. The failure of red wines (which have a 20-fold excess of polyphenols over white wines) to show any advantage suggests that, in vivo, ethanol is the dominant anti-aggregatory component in these beverages which are more potent than grape juices in preventing platelet aggregation in humans.
由于红葡萄酒中多酚类物质的浓度相对较高，其对动脉粥样硬化和冠心病（CHD）的预防作用优于白葡萄酒；富含反式白藜芦醇（二者之一）的葡萄汁可能具有类似特性，对24名年龄在26 - 45岁的健康男性进行了研究。每人按顺序在4周内分别饮用以下饮品：红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒、市售葡萄汁以及添加了反式白藜芦醇的同一款葡萄汁。除最后一种饮品外，在开始饮用前需戒酒2周。在每个饮用阶段开始和结束时采集血液，以测定血浆血栓素B2（TxB2）浓度以及ADP和凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集的IC50（50%聚集所需浓度）。白葡萄酒（P < 0.05）而非红葡萄酒可提高ADP诱导的IC50。两种葡萄酒均可提高凝血酶诱导的IC50（分别为P < 0.02和P < 0.001），同时降低血浆TxB2浓度（分别为P < 0.01和P < 0.025）。两种葡萄汁均未改变ADP诱导的聚集或TxB2浓度，但市售葡萄汁降低了凝血酶诱导的IC50（P < 0.001），而富含白藜芦醇的葡萄汁则使其显著升高（P < 0.001）。体外实验表明，两种葡萄汁均可适度降低新鲜洗涤的人血小板由ADP和凝血酶诱导的聚集，红葡萄酒作用较强，白葡萄酒则无作用。市售葡萄汁可刺激血小板从标记的花生四烯酸合成TxB2，富含白藜芦醇的葡萄汁使其略有增强，红葡萄酒则强烈抑制其合成，白葡萄酒作用微弱。饮用市售葡萄汁的受试者的血小板中环氧化酶与脂氧化酶产物形成的比例较高，而饮用富含白藜芦醇葡萄汁的受试者该比例低于对照期。我们得出结论，反式白藜芦醇可从葡萄汁中以具有生物活性的量被吸收，且这些量可能会降低动脉粥样硬化风险。红葡萄酒（其多酚含量比白葡萄酒高20倍）未显示出任何优势，这表明在体内，乙醇是这些饮品中主要的抗聚集成分，在预防人体血小板聚集方面比葡萄汁更有效。
