van Bezooijen R
Institute of General Linguistics and Dialectology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Lang Speech. 1995 Jul-Sep;38 ( Pt 3):253-65. doi: 10.1177/002383099503800303.
Japanese women have been found to have higher pitches than Dutch women. This finding has been explained in the past by assuming that Japanese women raise their pitch in order to project a vocal image associated with feminine attributes of powerlessness. In the present study three hypotheses underlying such an assumption were tested experimentally: (1) the association of high pitch with attributes of physical and psychological powerlessness (short, weak, dependent, modest) in the Dutch and Japanese cultures, (2) a stronger differentiation between the ideal woman and man, in terms of powerlessness/power, in Japan than in the Netherlands and (3) a preference for high pitch in women in Japan and for medium or low pitch in women in the Netherlands. All three hypotheses were confirmed. However, results also suggest a strong emphasis in Japan on masculinity in men, possibly leading to a lowering of pitch.
研究发现，日本女性的音调比荷兰女性更高。过去，这一发现被解释为日本女性提高音调是为了塑造一种与无力感这种女性特质相关的声音形象。在本研究中，对这一假设背后的三个假说进行了实验检验：（1）在荷兰和日本文化中，高音调与身体和心理上的无力感属性（矮小、虚弱、依赖、谦逊）之间的关联；（2）在日本，理想女性和男性在无力感/力量方面的差异比在荷兰更为明显；（3）日本女性偏好高音调，而荷兰女性偏好中音调或低音调。所有这三个假说均得到证实。然而，研究结果还表明，日本非常强调男性的阳刚之气，这可能导致音调降低。
