Cooksey E C, Rindfuss R R, Guilkey D K
Department of Sociology,The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 1996 Mar;37(1):59-74.
This paper examines changes in the initiation of adolescent sexual and contraceptive behavior in the United States between 1978 and 1988. Since a number of contextual changes occurred during this time period including a focusing of public attention on adolescent pregnancy along with the widespread publicity surrounding AIDS, we expected that the response to these events not only would change over time, but would also vary across social groups. Using data from Cycles III and IV of the National Survey of Family Growth, we find that the overall population patterns of earlier initiation of sexual intercourse and increased use of condoms at first intercourse are not found in all segments of the population. In general, the effects of race, religion, mother's education, and age changed during this time period. The long-term trend of younger age at first intercourse was halted for Blacks, and reversed for White, fundamentalist Protestants, but continued for all other Whites. Overall, patterns throughout the decade suggest that pressures from parents, religious groups, and others either lead to a later age at first intercourse, or use of contraception, but not both. A notable exception is that increased maternal education leads to both a later age at first intercourse and a higher likelihood of using contraception at first intercourse.
本文考察了1978年至1988年间美国青少年性行为和避孕行为起始情况的变化。由于在此期间发生了一些背景变化，包括公众对青少年怀孕的关注以及围绕艾滋病的广泛宣传，我们预计对这些事件的反应不仅会随时间变化，而且在不同社会群体中也会有所不同。利用全国家庭成长调查第三轮和第四轮的数据，我们发现并非所有人群都出现了性交起始年龄提前和首次性交时避孕套使用增加的总体人口模式。总体而言，种族、宗教信仰、母亲的教育程度和年龄的影响在此期间发生了变化。首次性交年龄更小的长期趋势在黑人中停止，在白人原教旨主义新教徒中则出现逆转，但在所有其他白人中仍在继续。总体而言，整个十年的模式表明，来自父母、宗教团体和其他方面的压力要么导致首次性交年龄推迟，要么导致使用避孕措施，但不会两者同时出现。一个显著的例外是，母亲受教育程度的提高会导致首次性交年龄推迟，同时首次性交时使用避孕措施的可能性也更高。
