Shelton G H, Linenberger M L
Feline Retrovirus Clinic, Pacific Northwest Research Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Semin Vet Med Surg Small Anim. 1995 Nov;10(4):220-33.
Feline patients with unexplained peripheral blood cytopenias, circulating immature or neoplastic cells, dysplastic or dysmorphic bone marrow abnormalities, and/or lymphoid tumors are likely suffering from an underlying retroviral infection with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and/or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Cytopenic hematologic disorders are often caused by the direct or indirect hematosuppressive effects of these retroviruses. Alternatively, secondary infections, nutritional deficiencies, and/or hematopoietic neoplasms may be important cofactors in the development of blood and bone marrow abnormalities in retrovirus-positive patients. Mild to moderate nonregenerative anemia, with or without concurrent granulocytopenia and/or thrombocytopenia, is one of the most frequent hematologic disorders encountered with either infectious agent. Severe, isolated anemia with absent reticulocytes (pure red blood cell aplasia) specifically suggests infection with FeLV subgroup C. Hemolytic (regenerative) anemia, more commonly associated with FeLV infection, may be caused by an autoimmune process and/or coinfection with Haemobartonella felis. Lymphopenia is a hallmark of chronic, symptomatic FIV infection. Neutropenia may accompany a panleukopenia-like syndrome in FeLV-positive cats or it may be associated with acute primary infection or an adverse drug effect in the FIV-infected patient. FeLV and, to a lesser extent, FIV are both causally related to lymphoid neoplasms in domestic cats, but with dissimilar epidemiologic, clinical, and host cell phenotypic features. Clinicians must be cognizant of the wide spectrum of hematologic manifestations of FeLV and FIV infections to recognize and appropriately manage these complications in their feline patients.
患有不明原因外周血细胞减少、循环中出现未成熟或肿瘤性细胞、发育异常或形态异常的骨髓异常以及/或淋巴瘤的猫科动物患者，可能患有潜在的猫白血病病毒（FeLV）和/或猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）逆转录病毒感染。血细胞减少性血液系统疾病通常是由这些逆转录病毒的直接或间接血液抑制作用引起的。另外，继发感染、营养缺乏和/或造血系统肿瘤可能是逆转录病毒阳性患者血液和骨髓异常发展的重要辅助因素。轻度至中度非再生性贫血，伴或不伴有粒细胞减少和/或血小板减少，是这两种感染因子最常遇到的血液系统疾病之一。严重的、孤立的无网织红细胞贫血（纯红细胞再生障碍）特别提示感染了FeLV C亚群。溶血性（再生性）贫血更常见于FeLV感染，可能由自身免疫过程和/或与猫血巴尔通体合并感染引起。淋巴细胞减少是慢性有症状FIV感染的标志。中性粒细胞减少可能伴随FeLV阳性猫的全白细胞减少样综合征，或者可能与FIV感染患者的急性原发性感染或药物不良反应有关。FeLV以及在较小程度上FIV都与家猫的淋巴瘤有因果关系，但在流行病学、临床和宿主细胞表型特征方面有所不同。临床医生必须认识到FeLV和FIV感染的广泛血液学表现，以便识别并妥善处理猫科动物患者的这些并发症。
