Hartmann Katrin
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2011 Oct 15;143(3-4):190-201. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.003. Epub 2011 Jul 21.
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses with a global impact on the health of domestic cats. The two viruses differ in their potential to cause disease. FIV can cause an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that increases the risk of developing opportunistic infections, neurological diseases, and tumors. In most naturally infected cats, however, FIV itself does not cause severe clinical signs, and FIV-infected cats may live many years without any health problems. FeLV is more pathogenic, and was long considered to be responsible for more clinical syndromes than any other agent in cats. FeLV can cause tumors (mainly lymphoma), bone marrow suppression syndromes (mainly anemia) and lead to secondary infectious diseases caused by suppressive effects of the virus on bone marrow and the immune system. Today, FeLV is less important as a deadly infectious agent as in the last 20 years prevalence has been decreasing in most countries.
猫白血病病毒（FeLV）和猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）是对家猫健康具有全球影响的逆转录病毒。这两种病毒在致病潜力方面有所不同。FIV可导致获得性免疫缺陷综合征，增加发生机会性感染、神经疾病和肿瘤的风险。然而，在大多数自然感染的猫中，FIV本身不会引起严重的临床症状，感染FIV的猫可能多年没有任何健康问题。FeLV的致病性更强，长期以来被认为比猫身上的任何其他病原体导致的临床综合征更多。FeLV可引起肿瘤（主要是淋巴瘤）、骨髓抑制综合征（主要是贫血），并导致由病毒对骨髓和免疫系统的抑制作用引起的继发性传染病。如今，FeLV作为一种致命的传染因子已不那么重要，因为在过去20年里，大多数国家的患病率一直在下降。
