Zimmerman J M
Ann Surg. 1979 Jun;189(6):683-90. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197906000-00003.
A hospice-care program offers an opportunity to provide effective palliative care for patients terminally ill with malignant disease and to develop improved methods for coping with the problems of the dying patient. All patients for whom antitumor therapy does not offer a reasonable possibility of cure are eligible for Church Hospital's multidisciplinary program, the focus of which is on both the patient and his family. Acceptance by medical staff, patients and families has been enthusiastic. Both conventional and unconventional methods can be helpful in making terminally ill patients more comfortable. Much has been learned about the control of pain in such patients. Intestinal obstruction can often be managed non-operatively without the use of nasogastric tube. Other common symptoms such as weakness, anorexia, depression, dyspnea, etc. can be relieved with varying degrees of success. An objective of the program is to allow the patient to be at home for most of his terminal illness and to die there if possible. By utilizing patient and family instruction, visiting nurses and home health aides, approximately two-thirds of the patients in the program at any given time are at home. Basing the program in an acute care hospital has allowed coordination with the curative treatment of malignant disease and effective use of radiation and chemotherapy for palliative purposes. The organizational structure, financing, facilities and clinical experience with 100 consecutive patients of the Church Hospital hospice-care program are described.
临终关怀项目为身患恶性疾病的晚期患者提供了提供有效姑息治疗的机会,并有助于开发更好的方法来应对临终患者的问题。所有接受抗肿瘤治疗无法治愈的患者都有资格参加教会医院的多学科项目,该项目的重点是患者及其家属。医护人员、患者和家属都积极接受该项目。传统和非传统方法都有助于让晚期患者感觉更舒适。在这类患者的疼痛控制方面,我们已经了解了很多。肠梗阻通常可以通过非手术方法处理,无需使用鼻胃管。其他常见症状,如虚弱、厌食、抑郁、呼吸困难等,也能在不同程度上得到缓解。该项目的一个目标是让患者在其大部分临终阶段都能在家中度过,并尽可能在家中离世。通过对患者及其家属进行指导,并借助访视护士和家庭健康助理,该项目在任何特定时间约有三分之二的患者在家中。将该项目设立在一家急症医院,使得其能够与恶性疾病的根治性治疗相协调,并有效地将放疗和化疗用于姑息治疗目的。本文描述了教会医院临终关怀项目的组织结构、资金来源、设施情况以及针对连续100例患者的临床经验。