de Winstanley P A, Bjork E L, Bjork R A
Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, OH 44074, USA.
Memory. 1996 Jan;4(1):31-48. doi: 10.1080/741940667.
We report two experiments designed to test a multifactor transfer-appropriate processing explanation of generation effects, and the lack thereof, in free recall and cued recall. The basic argument is that the act of generating a target enhances the processing of one or more possible types of information (e.g. target-specific information, cue-target relationships, or target-target relationships) and that subsequent retention tests will reveal an advantage (or disadvantage) of such generation (compared to a "read" control) to the degree that a test is sensitive to the information on which processing was focused during study. Across the two experiments, manipulations of identical stimulus materials forced subjects to process different types of information in order to generate targets, producing a striking reversal in the relative levels of free recall and cued recall for targets that had been generated vs. read, and lending strong support to the transfer-appropriate processing aspect of the proposed framework for explaining generation effects.
我们报告了两项实验，旨在测试对自由回忆和线索回忆中生成效应及其缺乏的多因素迁移适当加工解释。基本观点是，生成目标的行为会增强对一种或多种可能类型信息（例如目标特定信息、线索 - 目标关系或目标 - 目标关系）的加工，并且后续的保持测试将揭示这种生成（与“阅读”控制组相比）的优势（或劣势），这取决于测试对学习期间所聚焦加工的信息的敏感程度。在这两项实验中，对相同刺激材料的操作迫使受试者为了生成目标而加工不同类型的信息，从而使生成与阅读目标的自由回忆和线索回忆的相对水平产生了惊人的反转，并为所提出的解释生成效应框架中的迁移适当加工方面提供了有力支持。
