Ganellen R J
Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center Chicago, Illinois, USA.
J Pers Assess. 1996 Oct;67(2):219-43. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6702_1.
The diagnostic efficiency of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II), and Rorschach Comprehensive System for detecting depressive and psychotic disorders were compared. Studies examining the diagnostic performance of these measures published in the Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, Psychological Assessment, and the Journal of Personality Assessment were included in this review. The methodological limitations of these studies are identified and suggestions for improving future research are offered. Although only limited conclusions can be reached because of the small number of existing studies and methodological problems, several preliminary observations were made. First, the MMPI, MCMI-II, and Rorschach are comparable in their sensitivity to detecting depression. However, high MMPI and MCMI-II scores are not specific to depression and misclassify a substantial percentage of nondepressed patients as being depressed. The Rorschach has a lower rate of false positives and higher specificity than the MMPI and the MCMI-II. Second, the Rorschach was more sensitive and specific to psychotic disorders than either the MMPI or MCMI-II. The MCMI-II did not detect psychosis at a rate above chance and frequently inaccurately classified psychotic patients as nonpsychotic. Overall, these preliminary findings suggest that Rorschach indices are promising psychometric markers for depression and psychotic disorders. The clinical implications of these preliminary findings are discussed.
比较了明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）、米隆临床多轴问卷第二版（MCMI-II）和罗夏综合系统在检测抑郁和精神障碍方面的诊断效率。本综述纳入了发表于《临床与咨询心理学杂志》《心理评估》和《人格评估杂志》上的关于这些测评工具诊断性能的研究。确定了这些研究的方法学局限性，并为改进未来研究提供了建议。尽管由于现有研究数量较少以及方法学问题只能得出有限的结论，但仍得出了一些初步观察结果。首先，MMPI、MCMI-II和罗夏测验在检测抑郁症方面的敏感性相当。然而，MMPI和MCMI-II的高分并非抑郁症所特有，将相当比例的非抑郁症患者误分类为抑郁症患者。罗夏测验的假阳性率低于MMPI和MCMI-II，特异性更高。其次，罗夏测验对精神障碍的敏感性和特异性高于MMPI或MCMI-II。MCMI-II检测精神病的准确率未高于随机概率，且经常将精神病患者错误地分类为非精神病患者。总体而言，这些初步研究结果表明，罗夏测验指标有望成为抑郁和精神障碍的心理测量学标志物。讨论了这些初步研究结果的临床意义。
