Haller J, Weggemans R M, Lammi-Keefe C J, Ferry M
F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 Jul;50 Suppl 2:S32-46.
Determination of the plasma vitamin and carotenoid concentrations of a number of elderly populations to describe their micronutrient status and examine geographical patterns and the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships with sex, age, food and alcohol intake.
Longitudinal study.
Twelve small towns in ten European countries and one in the USA.
Randomized sample of 1175 subjects of both sexes born in the period 1913-1918, stratified according to age and sex.
Blood plasma collection and determination of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, alpha-carotene, all-trans- and cis-beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, vitamin B-12, folic acid and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. From the original sample examined in 1988/1989, measurements were repeated in 938 subjects in 1993.
There were very large within and between country differences in the micronutrient levels with no definite geographical pattern emerging. The retinol levels decreased significantly between 1988/1989 and 1993 (-0.2 mumol/l, P = 0.0001), unlike the total carotene levels (0.01, NS) while the alpha-tocopherol (0.7 mumol/l, P = 0.002), folic acid (1.1 nmol/l, P < 0.01) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (12 nmol/l, P = 0.0001) levels increased significantly. Vitamin B-12 levels increased nonsignificantly in men (17.2 pmol/l, P = 0.77) and decreased significantly in women (-37 pmol/l, P = 0.012). The prevalence of biochemical vitamin A deficiency was zero in both 1988/1989 and 1993, that of vitamin E deficiency decreased from 1.1% to 0.6% and for vitamin B-6 from 23.3% to 5.7%. Vitamin B-12 biochemical deficiency increased from 2.7% to 7.3% and for folic acid from zero to 0.3%.
Changes in the median micronutrient plasma levels over a 4-y period varied, exceeding 30%-40% in some elderly populations. This was reflected in changes, mostly decreases, in the prevalences of vitamin deficiency.
测定若干老年人群血浆维生素和类胡萝卜素浓度，以描述其微量营养素状况，并研究地理分布模式以及与性别、年龄、食物和酒精摄入量的横断面及纵向关系。
纵向研究。
十个欧洲国家的十二个小镇及美国的一个小镇。
1913年至1918年出生的1175名男女随机样本，按年龄和性别分层。
采集血浆并测定α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、α-胡萝卜素、全反式和顺式β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、叶黄素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、维生素B-12、叶酸和磷酸吡哆醛5'-磷酸。对1988/1989年检测的原始样本，于1993年对938名受试者重复进行测量。
微量营养素水平在国家内部和国家之间存在很大差异，未呈现明确的地理分布模式。1988/1989年至1993年期间，视黄醇水平显著下降（-0.2μmol/l，P = 0.0001），而总胡萝卜素水平则无显著变化（0.01，无统计学意义），α-生育酚（0.7μmol/l，P = 0.002）、叶酸（1.1 nmol/l，P < 0.01）和磷酸吡哆醛5'-磷酸（12 nmol/l，P = 0.0001）水平显著升高。男性维生素B-12水平无显著升高（17.2 pmol/l，P = 0.77），女性则显著下降（-37 pmol/l，P = 0.012）。1988/1989年和1993年生化性维生素A缺乏的患病率均为零，维生素E缺乏的患病率从1.1%降至0.6%，维生素B-6缺乏的患病率从23.3%降至5.7%。维生素B-12生化缺乏从2.7%增至7. 3%，叶酸缺乏从零增至0.3%。
在4年期间，微量营养素血浆中位数水平变化各异，在一些老年人群中超过30%-40%。这反映在维生素缺乏患病率的变化上，多数为下降。
