Bailey J E, Coombs D W
Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38103, USA.
J Community Health. 1996 Aug;21(4):269-76. doi: 10.1007/BF01794877.
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a newly developed method for rapid tiered training of health workers in improving community health worker knowledge and case management skills. The interactive "Kader" method, developed in West Java, Indonesia, was compared with traditional didactic training in a prospective trial with rural health workers ("Tecnicos") and village health promoters ("Promotores") for the Public Health Department in the state of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Twenty-five tecnicos received one day of training concerning diarrhea and dehydration. One group was trained using the interactive Kader method of Indonesia; the other with didactic methods. A sample of these tecnicos then trained 49 randomized promotores utilizing the same training method with which they were trained. The tecnicos and promotores in each group completed a case-based pre-test and post-test before and after their training sessions. Both tecnicos and promotores trained using the Kader tiered training approach demonstrated significantly greater improvement in their ability to correctly diagnose and recommend treatment for diarrhea of varying type and severity. Non-significant differences favoring the experimental groups were found in the tecnicos' and promotores' general knowledge regarding diarrhea prevention practices, signs of dehydration and preparation of oral rehydration solution. This pilot study suggests that the Kader method for rapid tiered training of health workers has applicability to the populations of other developing nations and can be recommended for large scale implementation and evaluation in the training of public health workers, village health promoters and families in Guatemala.
本研究的目的是评估一种新开发的卫生工作者快速分层培训方法在提高社区卫生工作者知识和病例管理技能方面的有效性。在危地马拉上韦拉帕斯州公共卫生部针对农村卫生工作者(“技术员”)和乡村健康促进者(“促进者”)开展的一项前瞻性试验中,将印度尼西亚西爪哇开发的交互式“卡德”方法与传统的讲授式培训进行了比较。25名技术员接受了为期一天的腹泻和脱水相关培训。一组采用印度尼西亚的交互式卡德方法进行培训;另一组采用讲授式方法培训。这些技术员中的一部分随后使用他们所接受培训的相同方法对49名随机选取的促进者进行培训。每组中的技术员和促进者在培训课程前后分别完成了基于病例的预测试和后测试。采用卡德分层培训方法培训的技术员和促进者在正确诊断不同类型和严重程度腹泻并推荐治疗方法的能力方面均有显著提高。在技术员和促进者关于腹泻预防措施、脱水体征及口服补液盐配制的常识方面,虽有利于实验组,但差异不显著。这项初步研究表明,卫生工作者快速分层培训的卡德方法适用于其他发展中国家的人群,可推荐在危地马拉对公共卫生工作者、乡村健康促进者和家庭进行大规模实施和评估培训时采用。