Nelson D R, Koymans L, Kamataki T, Stegeman J J, Feyereisen R, Waxman D J, Waterman M R, Gotoh O, Coon M J, Estabrook R W, Gunsalus I C, Nebert D W
Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.
Pharmacogenetics. 1996 Feb;6(1):1-42. doi: 10.1097/00008571-199602000-00002.
We provide here a list of 481 P450 genes and 22 pseudogenes, plus all accession numbers that have been reported as of October 18, 1995. These genes have been described in 85 eukaryote (including vertebrates, invertebrates, fungi, and plants) and 20 prokaryote species. Of 74 gene families so far described, 14 families exist in all mammals examined to date. These 14 families comprise 26 mammalian subfamilies, of which 20 and 15 have been mapped in the human genome and the mouse genome, respectively. Each subfamily usually represents a cluster of tightly linked genes widely scattered throughout the genome, but there are exceptions. Interestingly, the CYP51 family has been found in mammals, filamentous fungi and yeast, and plants-attesting to the fact that this P450 gene family is very ancient. One functional CYP51 gene and two processed pseudogenes, which are the first examples of intronless pseudogenes within the P450 superfamily, have been mapped to three different human chromosomes. This revision supersedes the four previous updates in which a nomenclature system, based on divergent evolution of the superfamily, has been described. For the gene, we recommend that the italicized root symbol "CYP' for human ("Cyp' for mouse and Drosophila), representing "cytochrome P450', be followed by an Arabic number denoting the family, a letter designating the subfamily (when two or more exist), and an Arabic numeral representing the individual gene within the subfamily. A hyphen is no longer recommended in mouse gene nomenclature. "P' ("ps' in mouse and Drosophila) after the gene number denotes a pseudogene; "X' after the gene number means its use has been discontinued. If a gene is the sole member of a family, the subfamily letter and gene number would be helpful but need not be included. The human nomenclature system should be used for all species other than mouse and Drosophila. The cDNAs, mRNAs and enzymes in all species (including mouse) should include all capital letters, and without italics or hyphens. This nomenclature system is similar to that proposed in our previous updates.
我们在此提供一份包含481个P450基因和22个假基因的列表，以及截至1995年10月18日已报道的所有登录号。这些基因已在85种真核生物（包括脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、真菌和植物）和20种原核生物中被描述。在迄今已描述的74个基因家族中，有14个家族存在于目前所检测的所有哺乳动物中。这14个家族包含26个哺乳动物亚家族，其中分别有20个和15个已定位到人类基因组和小鼠基因组中。每个亚家族通常代表一组紧密连锁的基因，广泛散布于整个基因组中，但也有例外情况。有趣的是，CYP51家族已在哺乳动物、丝状真菌、酵母和植物中被发现，这证明该P450基因家族非常古老。一个功能性CYP51基因和两个加工假基因已被定位到人类的三条不同染色体上，这两个加工假基因是P450超家族中无内含子假基因的首个例子。此次修订取代了之前的四次更新，在之前的更新中描述了基于超家族趋异进化的命名系统。对于基因，我们建议，对于人类用斜体的词根符号“CYP”（对于小鼠和果蝇用“Cyp”），代表“细胞色素P450”，后面跟着一个阿拉伯数字表示家族，一个字母表示亚家族（当存在两个或更多亚家族时），以及一个阿拉伯数字表示亚家族内的单个基因。在小鼠基因命名中不再推荐使用连字符。基因编号后的“P”（在小鼠和果蝇中为“ps”）表示假基因；基因编号后的“X”表示其使用已停止。如果一个基因是一个家族的唯一成员，亚家族字母和基因编号可能会有帮助，但不必包含。除小鼠和果蝇外，所有物种都应使用人类命名系统。所有物种（包括小鼠）的cDNA、mRNA和酶都应全部大写，不使用斜体或连字符。这个命名系统与我们之前更新中提出的系统类似。
