Hayslip B
Exp Aging Res. 1977 Mar;3(2):147-63. doi: 10.1080/03610737708257095.
An evaluation of the indices proposed in the literature regarding measures of anagram difficulty was made by asking three groups (ages 17-26, 39-51, 59-76) of adults (n = 54) to solve a list of 30 anagrams. Results indicated that only two of these indices (Thorndike-Lorge and Bigram Rank measures) significantly predicted frequency of solution in samples beyong college age. It was also found that the cognitive variable mediating the effects of these indices in middle aged and elderly subjects was crystallized ability, suggesting an experiential basis for the effects of both task and organismic variables as determinants of anagram problem solving in adulthood. The role of fluid ability as a mediator of problem solution in the young received limited support.
通过让三组（年龄分别为17 - 26岁、39 - 51岁、59 - 76岁）共54名成年人解决一份包含30个变位词的列表，对文献中提出的关于变位词难度衡量指标进行了评估。结果表明，在大学年龄以上的样本中，这些指标中只有两个（桑代克 - 洛吉指标和双字母等级指标）能显著预测解决频率。研究还发现，在中年和老年受试者中，介导这些指标影响的认知变量是晶体能力，这表明任务和机体变量作为成年期变位词问题解决的决定因素，其影响具有经验基础。流体能力在年轻人解决问题中作为中介的作用得到的支持有限。
