Linde A
Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1996;100:83-8.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is present, as both latent and replicating virus, in most healthy individuals, and disturbance of the normal host-virus balance may cause a variety of diseases. A number of diagnostic tools can he used, depending upon the particular condition investigated, however, serology is the best method for diagnosis of primary EBV infections. In approximately 85% of cases of mononucleosis, the primary EBV infection can he diagnosed by an assay for heterophile antibodies. The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM to antigens from the replicative cycle of the virus, in combination with absence of antibodies to the EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA 1-6), is a diagnostic for a primary EBV infection. Serological tests for elevated IgA levels to various EBV antigens have been used to screen for EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In those with AIDS with EBV-associated lymphomas of the brain, EBV genomes can always be detected with polymerase chain reaction on cerebrospinal fluid. Epstein-Barr virus involvement in tumours, other than those of the brain and solid organs, can be verified by in situ demonstration of EBV-DNA or by immunocytochemical techniques for viral antigens.
在大多数健康个体中，爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）以潜伏和复制性病毒的形式存在，正常宿主与病毒平衡的紊乱可能会引发多种疾病。根据所研究的特定情况，可以使用多种诊断工具，然而，血清学是诊断原发性EBV感染的最佳方法。在大约85%的单核细胞增多症病例中，原发性EBV感染可通过嗜异性抗体检测来诊断。针对病毒复制周期抗原的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和IgM的存在，以及针对EBV核抗原（EBNA 1-6）抗体的缺失，是原发性EBV感染的诊断依据。检测针对各种EBV抗原的IgA水平升高的血清学试验已被用于筛查EBV相关的鼻咽癌。在患有艾滋病且伴有EBV相关脑淋巴瘤的患者中，通过对脑脊液进行聚合酶链反应总能检测到EBV基因组。除了脑和实体器官肿瘤外，EBV在其他肿瘤中的参与情况可通过EBV-DNA的原位显示或病毒抗原的免疫细胞化学技术来证实。
