Latkin C A, Mandell W, Vlahov D, Oziemkowska M, Celentano D D
Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 1996 Jun;24(3):341-64. doi: 10.1007/BF02512026.
Social influence processes have been found to affect numerous drug and health-related behaviors. We postulated that by using a network-oriented intervention it may be possible to capitalize on social influence processes to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors. The present study used an experimental study design for delivering a psychoeducational acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) preventive intervention to injection drug sharing networks. Participants were recruited from the ALIVE study, an epidemiological study in Baltimore. In the present paper we examine the self-reported behavioral outcomes of 117 injection drug users 18 months after the baseline interview. HIV seronegative experimental participants reported significantly less frequent needle sharing and less injecting of heroin and cocaine than controls. In multiple logistic regression models of HIV seronegative participants, there was a significant negative association between assignment to the experimental group and the HIV-related behaviors of needle sharing and sharing of cookers in the prior 6 months; controls were 2.8 times more likely than experimentals to report needle sharing and were 2.7 times more likely to report sharing cookers. The results of this 18-month follow-up suggest that among injection drug users network-oriented interventions may be a promising approach to HIV prevention.
社会影响过程已被发现会影响众多与毒品和健康相关的行为。我们推测，通过采用面向网络的干预措施，有可能利用社会影响过程来减少人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的危险行为。本研究采用实验性研究设计，向注射毒品共用网络提供预防获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的心理教育干预。参与者从ALIVE研究中招募，该研究是巴尔的摩的一项流行病学研究。在本文中，我们考察了117名注射毒品使用者在基线访谈18个月后的自我报告行为结果。HIV血清阴性的实验参与者报告的共用针头频率以及注射海洛因和可卡因的频率显著低于对照组。在HIV血清阴性参与者的多元逻辑回归模型中，被分配到实验组与前6个月内与HIV相关的共用针头行为和共用炊具行为之间存在显著的负相关；对照组报告共用针头的可能性是实验组的2.8倍，报告共用炊具的可能性是实验组的2.7倍。这项18个月随访的结果表明，在注射毒品使用者中，面向网络的干预措施可能是预防HIV的一种有前景的方法。
