Abraham S
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Australia.
Psychopathology. 1996;29(4):223-9. doi: 10.1159/000284997.
The characteristics of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were studied in ballet dancers in full-time training and compared with other young women at school. Dancers had higher scores on the Eating Attitudes Test. Dancers were more likely to have an eating disorder when strict modified DSM-3-R criteria were applied. Currently 1 dancer (1.6%) and no student had anorexia nervosa, 1 dancer (1.6%) and 3 students (1.3%) had bulimia nervosa and 5 dancers (8.3%) and 9 students (4.2%) had an unclassified eating disorder. Another dancer had been treated for anorexia nervosa in the past. One dancer was treated for bulimia nervosa and 6 for weight loss. Dancers were more likely to have been told to increase their body weight. Dancers were not more likely to be afraid of losing control of their weight and becoming obese if they attempted weight gain, to ignore the advice to gain weight or resist gaining weight. Regular self-induced vomiting was reported by 4% of women. Dancers are at risk for the development of eating disorders. Ballet dancers are under pressure to maintain low body weight. The low body weight and menstrual disturbance found among young dancers during training are two of the characteristics of anorexia nervosa Ballet dancers use behaviours aimed at weight control and weight loss. In dancers and professional groups under intense pressure to diet, low body weight and amenorrhoea are not sufficient criteria to diagnose anorexia nervosa. These behaviours can result in binge eating and multiple behaviours aimed at preventing binge eating. Whether the characteristics of bulimia among dancers are sufficient for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa to be made is unknown. The aim of this paper is to study the characteristics of the eating disorders anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified among young ballet dancers in full-time ballet training and to provide information about the risk of development of eating disorders among young women required to maintain below average body weight while continuing above average exercise.
对接受全日制训练的芭蕾舞演员的神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症特征进行了研究，并与在校的其他年轻女性进行了比较。芭蕾舞演员在饮食态度测试中的得分更高。当采用严格修改后的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-3-R）标准时，芭蕾舞演员更有可能患有饮食失调症。目前，有1名芭蕾舞演员（1.6%）患有神经性厌食症，学生中无人患病；1名芭蕾舞演员（1.6%）和3名学生（1.3%）患有神经性贪食症；5名芭蕾舞演员（8.3%）和9名学生（4.2%）患有未分类的饮食失调症。另一名芭蕾舞演员过去曾接受过神经性厌食症治疗。1名芭蕾舞演员接受过神经性贪食症治疗，6名接受过减肥治疗。芭蕾舞演员更有可能被告知要增加体重。如果尝试增加体重，芭蕾舞演员并不更有可能害怕失去对体重的控制并变得肥胖，不会忽视增加体重的建议或抗拒增加体重。4%的女性报告有经常自我催吐的情况。芭蕾舞演员有患饮食失调症的风险。芭蕾舞演员面临着保持低体重的压力。年轻芭蕾舞演员在训练期间出现的低体重和月经紊乱是神经性厌食症的两个特征。芭蕾舞演员会采取旨在控制体重和减肥的行为。在面临严格节食压力的舞蹈演员和专业群体中，低体重和闭经不足以作为诊断神经性厌食症的标准。这些行为可能导致暴饮暴食以及多种旨在防止暴饮暴食的行为。舞蹈演员中神经性贪食症的特征是否足以诊断神经性贪食症尚不清楚。本文的目的是研究接受全日制芭蕾舞训练的年轻芭蕾舞演员中神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和未特定的饮食失调症的特征，并提供有关在需要保持低于平均体重并持续进行高于平均水平运动的年轻女性中饮食失调症发生风险的信息。
