Goodchild A K, Ghosh K K, Martin P R
Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Comp Neurol. 1996 Feb 26;366(1):55-75. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960226)366:1<55::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-J.
We studied the relationship between the morphology of ganglion cells and the spatial density of photoreceptors in the retina of two Old World primates, human and macaque monkey; the diurnal New World marmoset Callithrix jacchus; and the cat. Ganglion cells in macaque and marmoset were labelled by intracellular injection with Neurobiotin or by DiI diffusion labelling in fixed tissue. Cone photoreceptor densities were measured from the same retinas. Supplemental data for macaque and data for human and cat were taken from published studies. For the primates studied, the central retina is characterised by a constant numerical convergence of cones to ganglion cells. Midget ganglion cells derive their input, via a midget bipolar cell, from a single cone. Parasol cells derive their input from 40-140 cones. Outside the central retina, the convergence increases with eccentricity. The convergence to beta cells in the cat retina is very close to that for parasol cells in primate retina. The convergence of rod photoreceptors to ganglion cells is similar in human, macaque, and marmoset, with parasol cells receiving input from 10-15 times more rods than midget cells. The low convergence of cones to midget cells in human and macaque retinas is associated with distinctive dendritic "clusters" in midget cells' dendritic fields. Convergence in marmoset is higher, and the clusters are absent. We conclude that the complementary changes in photoreceptor density and ganglion cell morphology should be considered when forming linking hypotheses between dendritic field, receptive field, and psychophysical properties of primate vision.
我们研究了人类和猕猴这两种旧世界灵长类动物、昼行性新世界狨猴（绢毛猴）以及猫的视网膜中神经节细胞形态与光感受器空间密度之间的关系。猕猴和狨猴的神经节细胞通过在固定组织中进行Neurobiotin细胞内注射或DiI扩散标记来标记。从相同的视网膜测量视锥光感受器密度。猕猴的补充数据以及人类和猫的数据取自已发表的研究。对于所研究的灵长类动物，中央视网膜的特征是视锥细胞与神经节细胞之间存在恒定的数字汇聚。侏儒神经节细胞通过一个侏儒双极细胞从单个视锥细胞获得输入。伞状细胞从40 - 140个视锥细胞获得输入。在中央视网膜之外，汇聚随着离心率增加。猫视网膜中向β细胞的汇聚与灵长类视网膜中伞状细胞的汇聚非常接近。人类、猕猴和狨猴中视杆光感受器与神经节细胞的汇聚相似，伞状细胞比侏儒细胞接收多10 - 15倍视杆细胞的输入。人类和猕猴视网膜中视锥细胞向侏儒细胞的低汇聚与侏儒细胞树突野中独特的树突“簇”有关。狨猴中的汇聚更高，且不存在这些簇。我们得出结论，在形成关于灵长类视觉的树突野、感受野和心理物理学特性之间的联系假设时，应考虑光感受器密度和神经节细胞形态的互补变化。
