Boysen Marianne, Skouboe Pernille, Frisvad Jens, Rossen Lone
Biotechnological Institute, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, Building 227, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
Department of Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
Microbiology (Reading). 1996 Mar;142 ( Pt 3):541-549. doi: 10.1099/13500872-142-3-541.
Penicillium roqueforti is currently divided into two varieties, one used for cheese starter cultures, P. roqueforti var. roqueforti, and one ubiquitous patulin-producing variety, P. roqueforti var. carneum. The ribosomal regions comprising the 5.8S gene and the internal transcribed spacers, ITS I and ITS II, have been analysed from 10 isolates belonging to each variety. The 10 P. roqueforti var. carneum isolates were separated into two groups of five on the basis of 12 base-pair differences in the ITS regions. One of the groups of P. roqueforti var. carneum, in the following designated P. carneum, differed from P. roqueforti var. roqueforti, here designated P. roqueforti, in just two positions, while the other group, here called P. paneum, differed from P. roqueforti in 12 positions. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis substantiated these findings, and a comparison of secondary metabolites produced by the three groups showed that the P. roqueforti isolates all produce Penicillium Roqueforti (PR) toxin, marcfortines and fumigaclavine A, while the P. carneum isolates produce patulin, penitrem A and mycophenolic acid, as well as unidentified metabolites. P. paneum produces secondary metabolites in five chromophore families including the known mycotoxins patulin and botryodiploidin. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that P. roqueforti is reclassified into three species named P. roqueforti, P. carneum and P. paneum.
罗克福特青霉目前分为两个变种，一个用于奶酪发酵剂培养，即罗克福特青霉变种罗克福特青霉，另一个是普遍存在的产棒曲霉素变种，即罗克福特青霉变种肉色青霉。对属于每个变种的10个分离株的包含5.8S基因以及内部转录间隔区ITS I和ITS II的核糖体区域进行了分析。10个罗克福特青霉变种肉色青霉分离株根据ITS区域中12个碱基对的差异被分成两组，每组5个。罗克福特青霉变种肉色青霉的其中一组（以下称为肉色青霉）与罗克福特青霉变种罗克福特青霉（此处称为罗克福特青霉）仅在两个位置上不同，而另一组（此处称为泛色青霉）与罗克福特青霉在12个位置上不同。随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析证实了这些发现，并且对这三组产生的次生代谢产物的比较表明，罗克福特青霉分离株均产生罗克福特青霉毒素、马氏菌素和烟曲霉黄质A，而肉色青霉分离株产生棒曲霉素、青霉震颤素A和霉酚酸以及未鉴定的代谢产物。泛色青霉在五个发色团家族中产生次生代谢产物，包括已知的霉菌毒素棒曲霉素和葡萄二倍体毒素。基于这些发现，有人提议将罗克福特青霉重新分类为三个物种，分别命名为罗克福特青霉、肉色青霉和泛色青霉。
