Reiss S, Havercamp S
Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1296, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 1996 Aug;34(8):621-32. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(96)00041-1.
Sensitivity theory holds that people differ in both the types of reinforcement they desire and in the amounts of reinforcement they need to satiate. People who crave too much love, too much attention, too much acceptance, too much companionship, or too much of some other fundamental reinforcer are at risk for aberrant behavior because normative behavior does not produce the desired amounts of reinforcement. People who are intolerant of even everyday amounts of anxiety or frustration also are at risk for aberrant behavior. Individual differences in desired amounts of particular reinforcers may predict person-environment interactions, risk factors for psychopathology, and the occurrence of generalized and durable therapy effects versus the occurrence of relapses. Parallel predictions are made for individual differences in tolerance of aversive stimuli. Implications are discussed for applied behavior analysis, the development of psychopathology, and treatment strategies.
敏感性理论认为，人们在渴望的强化类型以及满足所需的强化量方面存在差异。那些渴望过多的爱、过多的关注、过多的接纳、过多的陪伴或其他某种基本强化物的人有出现异常行为的风险，因为规范行为无法产生他们所期望的强化量。那些甚至无法忍受日常程度焦虑或挫折的人也有出现异常行为的风险。对特定强化物的期望量的个体差异可能预示着人与环境的相互作用、精神病理学的风险因素，以及广义且持久的治疗效果的出现与复发的发生。对于厌恶刺激耐受性的个体差异也有类似的预测。本文还讨论了这些观点对应用行为分析、精神病理学发展和治疗策略的启示。
