Sechrest L, McKnight P, McKnight K
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tueson 85721, USA.
Am Psychol. 1996 Oct;51(10):1065-71. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.51.10.1065.
Many findings in psychology, including those in psychotherapy, lack interpretability because measures are not in any meaningful metric. Measures need to be calibrated so as to endow them with inherent meaning. In particular, it is important to calibrate measures against behaviors and real events in people's lives. Approaches to calibrating measures include calibration against direct personal experience, against cross-experiential equivalents, and against cross-modal equivalents, to reflect empirically established behavioral implications as well as just noticeable differences in behavior or between people. Psychological measures may never be as closely calibrated as those for physical properties, but wider reporting of unstandardized regression equations would be of great help. Psychological measures also need to be calibrated against each other so as to permit easy transformations of values or substitutions of measures. Finally, greater standardization of measures is recommended so as to produce better bases for calibration.
心理学领域的许多研究结果，包括心理治疗方面的结果，都缺乏可解释性，因为所采用的测量方法没有任何有意义的度量标准。需要对测量方法进行校准，以便赋予它们内在的意义。特别是，根据人们生活中的行为和实际事件对测量方法进行校准非常重要。校准测量方法的途径包括根据直接的个人经验、跨经验等效物以及跨模态等效物进行校准，以反映基于经验确定的行为含义以及行为或人与人之间的可察觉差异。心理测量可能永远无法像物理属性测量那样精确校准，但更广泛地报告未标准化的回归方程会有很大帮助。心理测量方法之间也需要相互校准，以便能够轻松地进行数值转换或测量方法的替代。最后，建议对测量方法进行更大程度的标准化，以便为校准提供更好的基础。
