Kellermann A L, Rivara F P, Lee R K, Banton J G, Cummings P, Hackman B B, Somes G
Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
N Engl J Med. 1996 Nov 7;335(19):1438-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199611073351906.
To describe the incidence and outcome of injuries due to firearms, we conducted a population-based study of fatal and nonfatal gunshot wounds in three cities: Memphis, Tennessee; Seattle; and Galveston, Texas.
Records of the police, medical examiners, ambulance crews, and hospital emergency departments and hospital admissions were monitored to identify all injuries caused by firearms that were severe enough to prompt emergency medical treatment. These records were linked to generate a complete picture of each event. Census data were used to calculate rates of injury for various population groups.
A total of 1915 cases of injury due to firearms were identified between November 16, 1992, and May 15, 1994. The crude rate of firearm injury per 100,000 person-years was 222.6 in Memphis, 143.6 in Galveston, and 54.1 in Seattle. Approximately 88 percent of the injuries were incurred during confirmed or probable assaults; 7 percent were sustained in the course of suicide or attempted suicide; unintentional injuries accounted for 4 percent of the cases. Handguns were used in 88 percent of the cases in which the type of weapon was recorded. Five percent of the 1677 victims who were brought to a hospital emergency department could not be resuscitated; 53 percent were hospitalized, and 42 percent were treated and released. Ninety-seven percent of the deaths occurred within 24 hours of the injury. Emergency department and inpatient charges exceeded $16.5 million.
Injuries due to firearms, most involving handguns, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in U.S. urban areas. The incidence varies greatly from city to city.
为描述火器伤的发生率及后果，我们在田纳西州孟菲斯市、西雅图市和得克萨斯州加尔维斯顿市开展了一项基于人群的致命和非致命枪伤研究。
监测警方、法医、救护人员以及医院急诊科和住院部的记录，以识别所有严重到足以促使进行紧急医疗救治的火器伤。将这些记录关联起来，以全面了解每个事件。使用人口普查数据计算不同人群组的受伤率。
在1992年11月16日至1994年5月15日期间，共识别出1915例火器伤病例。每10万人年的火器伤粗发生率在孟菲斯为222.6，在加尔维斯顿为143.6，在西雅图为54.1。约88%的损伤发生在已确认或可能的袭击过程中；7%发生在自杀或自杀未遂过程中；意外伤害占病例的4%。在记录了武器类型的病例中，88%使用了手枪。在被送往医院急诊科的1677名受害者中，5%无法复苏；53%住院治疗，42%接受治疗后出院。97%的死亡发生在受伤后24小时内。急诊科和住院费用超过1650万美元。
火器伤，多数涉及手枪，是美国城市地区发病和死亡的主要原因。不同城市的发生率差异很大。
