Kellermann A L, Somes G, Rivara F P, Lee R K, Banton J G
Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Trauma. 1998 Aug;45(2):263-7. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199808000-00010.
Determine the relative frequency with which guns in the home are used to injure or kill in self-defense, compared with the number of times these weapons are involved in an unintentional injury, suicide attempt, or criminal assault or homicide.
We reviewed the police, medical examiner, emergency medical service, emergency department, and hospital records of all fatal and nonfatal shootings in three U.S. cities: Memphis, Tennessee; Seattle, Washington; and Galveston, Texas.
During the study interval (12 months in Memphis, 18 months in Seattle, and Galveston) 626 shootings occurred in or around a residence. This total included 54 unintentional shootings, 118 attempted or completed suicides, and 438 assaults/homicides. Thirteen shootings were legally justifiable or an act of self-defense, including three that involved law enforcement officers acting in the line of duty. For every time a gun in the home was used in a self-defense or legally justifiable shooting, there were four unintentional shootings, seven criminal assaults or homicides, and 11 attempted or completed suicides.
Guns kept in homes are more likely to be involved in a fatal or nonfatal accidental shooting, criminal assault, or suicide attempt than to be used to injure or kill in self-defense.
确定家中枪支用于自卫时造成伤害或致死的相对频率，并与这些武器涉及意外受伤、自杀未遂、刑事袭击或杀人的次数进行比较。
我们查阅了美国三个城市（田纳西州孟菲斯市、华盛顿州西雅图市和得克萨斯州加尔维斯顿市）所有致命和非致命枪击事件的警方、法医、紧急医疗服务、急诊科和医院记录。
在研究期间（孟菲斯为12个月，西雅图和加尔维斯顿为18个月），在住宅内或周围发生了626起枪击事件。这一总数包括54起意外枪击、118起自杀未遂或自杀既遂事件以及438起袭击/杀人事件。13起枪击在法律上是正当的或属于自卫行为，其中包括3起涉及执法人员执行公务的事件。家中枪支每次用于自卫或法律上正当的枪击时，就有4起意外枪击、7起刑事袭击或杀人事件以及11起自杀未遂或自杀既遂事件。
家中存放的枪支更有可能涉及致命或非致命的意外枪击、刑事袭击或自杀未遂，而不是用于自卫时造成伤害或致死。
